Titlebook: Methods in Medicine; A Descriptive Study J. Ridderikhoff Book 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers 1989 diagnosis.diseases.management.medicine.

Explosive

Medical knowledge,ppreciated and interpreted according to personal standards and norms. The aggregated symptoms lead to diagnoses meaningful only to the particular doctor who arrived at them. This can hardly lead to overall acceptable and unambiguous disease-definitions and a consistent and universal taxonomy of dise

Immunoglobulin

课程

crumble

myopia

Ways of reasoning, to discover and to explain certain elements of physicians’ behaviour in regard to problem-solving and decision-making processes. Our hypothesis has been that physicians use special methods in problem-solving. More specifically, we guessed that these methods might possibly be the methods used in sci

爱管闲事

Human thinking and problem-solving and their relationship to medicine,to Artificial Intelligence. Yet, we have only a diffuse picture of their true nature. First, the ancient Greek philosophers (Plato, Aristotle) gave shape to theories about human thinking and reasoning, followed by philosophers like Locke, Bacon, Kant, Descartes and Mill in later days. New incentives

反复无常

Clinical decision-making, philosopher and economist John Stuart Mill the Utilitarian principle was introduced. It was, however, Von Neumann and Morgenstern (1947) who laid the scientific basis for decision-making. They introduced mathematical-statistical axioms and probabilistic calculations into the model which would facil

GLOSS

Models and methods,he actual process, or the doctor will, clearly amazed, ask, ‘What do you mean?’ The problem of the intellectual strategy, the way of reasoning, is not at the forefront of awareness in the medical world. Most physicians are completely indifferent to — even contemptuous of — clinical methodology. The

附录

约会

Reflections, conclusions, consequences,ns know what they are doing? How do we know what the best advice is? Are the methods that doctors use in medical practice the most appropriate, valid, reliable, and efficient ones? Do physicians’ methods reach the standards of present-day conceptions of science? Is medicine an art or a science?