Titlebook: Methods in Ecosystem Science; Osvaldo E. Sala,Robert B. Jackson,Robert W. Howart Book 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2000 b

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Microbial Carbon Cycling in Pelagic Ecosystems: Microbial Methods for Ecosystem Scientists then, that ecologists working at the ecosystem scale would be naturally drawn to the study of microorganisms. The factors that regulate the abundance, distribution, growth rate, and respiration of these microorganisms are in large measure the factors that regulate some of the functioning of the eco

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Canopy Fluxes different scale. An example of this would be scaling observations of carbon and water exchange made at leaf or plot scale to be of direct use to global climate modelers. Micrometeorological techniques, which operate at intermediate scales to these two extremes, are being used increasingly to valida

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Assessing Ecosystem-Level Water Relations Through Stable Isotope Ratio Analyses processes help to create spatial and temporal variations in isotopic abundance that can be used to understand the dynamics of ecological systems. Stable isotope ratio analyses at natural abundance levels can provide integrated information on ecosystem functioning, such as variations in water-use ac

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Nutrient Transformationsailable to available forms through a wide variety of transformation processes (Stevenson 1986; Schlesinger 1991); however, there are some general cycling patterns that are common to all nutrients (Fig. 14.1). For example, most plant macronutrients exist in both organic and mineral forms. Therefore,

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Biogenic Trace Gas Exchangesrts per million by volume (ppmv). In the past several decades, knowledge of trace gas exchanges between terrestrial or aquatic systems and the atmosphere, and of the biological, physical, and chemical processes that control them, has increased dramatically. The increased attention and research effor

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Ecosystem Nutrient Balance and Dynamics different purposes. Relatively simple mass balance equations have been used at the level of the watershed that might comprise single forested ecosystems (e.g., Binkley et al. 1982; Stohlgren et al. 1991; Likens and Bormann 1995; Hedin et al. 1995; Stottlemyer and Troendle 1992), or at the level of

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way design is determined to be the primary cause of single-vehicle crashes at curve sites. The primary objective of the current review article is to summarize the various tools and their threshold values used in the literature and to discuss the various tools that evaluate the consistency of rural h

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