Titlebook: Membrane Physiology and Cell Excitation; Bruce Hendry Book 1981 Bruce Hendry 1981 activation.cell.cell physiology.membrane.physiology.tiss

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oms.,. and survival of particular infectious diseases. Variation in primate immunity is such that major human pathogens - such as immunodeficiency viruses, herpesviruses and malaria-inducing species of .Plasmodium. - elicit striking differences in immune response between closely related species and

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Introduction sophisticated arrangement of specialised tissues which allow for rapid and integrated responses to external stimuli. These are the excitable tissues. They include (1) sense organs, (2) peripheral nerves, (3) central nerves and (4) muscles. The sense organs acquire information about the environment;

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The Nervous Impulseure of a typical nerve cell is illustrated in Figure 4.1. The long cylindrical process of the cell, known as an axon, is responsible for carrying impulses from the cell body to its terminal which may be many feet away. These impulses are waves of electrical disturbance which are propagated down the

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Visiond on the retina lying at the back of the orbital cavity. The retina is a thin layer of excitable tissue about five cells deep which performs the vital process of sensory transduction. In other words it converts the visual image into patterns of electrical activity within its excitable cells, and the

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Mechanoreceptionernal environment and the internal organs of the body. For example, the senses of touch and hearing rely on mechano- reception of external stimuli, while information about blood pressure, joint position and muscle length is obtained from internal mechanoreceptors. This type of information is of grea

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Skeletal Muscle Activationoriginating in the central nervous system. As shown in Figure 8.1 the muscle cell receives a synaptic input at its endplate region, capable of evoking a contraction in the whole fibre. Each motor nerve may branch extensively thus synapsing onto a number of muscle cells and activating them all synchr

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Cardiac Muscles it into the arteries of the systemic circulation to supply the tissues of the body. The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated venous blood from the tissues, and pumps it through the lungs in the pulmonary circulation. Each of these two pumps consists of two chambers, an atrium and a ventri

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