Titlebook: Meiosis; Volume 2, Cytologica Scott Keeney Book 2009 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer S

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Cytological Analysis of , Meiotic Chromosomestogenetic investigations are pivotal to meiotic studies and a number of technological improvements for . cytology have provided a range of tools to investigate chromosome behaviour during meiosis. This chapter includes protocols on basic cytology, FISH analysis, immunocytology, a procedure for a mei

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Electron Microscopic Immunogold Localization of Recombination-Related Proteins in Spreads of Synaptolved only by electron microscopy. Therefore, electron microscopic (EM) immunolocalization using gold-conjugated antibodies is the best way to verify whether certain proteins are components of SCs or RNs. Here, we describe (1) preparing tomato primary microsporocyte protoplasts in leptotene, zygotene

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Analysis of Chromosome Dynamics and Chromosomal Proteins in , Spermatocytesive imaging has been instrumental in monitoring chromosome pairing and the localization of fusion proteins. Immunofluorescence has been a widely utilized technique to examine the localization and colocalization of the many proteins involved in meiosis. Recently, an immuno-FISH protocol was developed

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Methods for Meiotic Chromosome Preparation, Immunofluorescence, and Fluorescence in situ Hybridizatiformation is lacking due to technical limitations of classical methods. We have developed methods for the preparation and examination of meiotic chromosomes of . from oocytes and spermatocytes. Oocyte chromosome preparations are obtained by isolating individual oocytes after the release of yolk gran

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ework for graph processing. This is the same framework as used by Facebook, Google, and other social media analytics operations to derive business value from vast amounts of interconnected data points. .Graphs arise in a wealth of data scenarios and describe the connections that are naturally formed

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