Titlebook: Mechanical Ventilation from Pathophysiology to Clinical Evidence; Giacomo Bellani Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s

ATP861

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SEMI

A Short History of Mechanical Ventilationsure ventilation was described in 1543. Oxygen was discovered in 1774. The first mechanical ventilator provided negative pressure ventilation and was used in a child with poliomyelitis in 1928. The first clinical use of positive pressure ventilation occurred in 1952. Since then, several generations

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Arresting

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Assisted Ventilation: Pressure Support and Bilevel Ventilation Modesve air into the lungs. Pressure support ventilation (PSV) is the mode most frequently used during assisted mechanical ventilation. It is a mode of ventilation limited by pressure and cycled by flow. PSV unloads the respiratory pump and allows the patient to have some control over respiratory rate, t

Notorious

Monitoring the Patient During Assisted Ventilationreathing has obvious advantages, but also implies the risk of “patient self-inflicted lung injury” and myotrauma. For this reason, close monitoring of patient’s effort and interaction with the ventilator is mandatory. Esophageal pressure is the gold standard to monitor patient’s work of breathing, t

Paradox

Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assistffort), readily available in clinical practice on a specific ventilator. During NAVA, the inspiratory support is based on electrical activation of the diaphragm (EAdi) from initiation to amplitude of support and cycling off. Patient’s breathing is assisted in synchrony with, and in proportion to, th

patriarch

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Non-Invasive Ventilation: Indications and Caveatsent to take effect. Compared with invasive mechanical ventilation, NIV is easier to use. It can be delivered through different interfaces and by using different modes of mechanical ventilation. NIV patients need to be closely monitored to detect any clinical deterioration and aiming to minimize the