Titlebook: Mealybugs and their Management in Agricultural and Horticultural crops; M. Mani,C. Shivaraju Book 2016 Springer India 2016 Biology.Mealybu

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Mealybugs as Vectorsess uncommon as virus vectors. The feeding behavior of these vectors has profound ecological and evolutionary implications for the viruses they transmit, as the acquisition and inoculation of viruses occurs during vector feeding. In most cases, there is an intimate relationship between the virus and

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Interim

Natural Enemies of Mealybugsoad-spectrum insecticides, which might have disturbed the activity of natural enemies particularly parasitoids and predators. This clearly indicates the importance of natural enemies in the regulatory role of the mealybug population. In fact, there is a very rich natural complex on arboreal mealybug

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Semiochemicals in Mealybugsvarious species. Most of the mealybug pheromones are carboxyl esters of monoterpene alcohols and racemic mixtures were also observed to be effective than enantiomers. Identification and synthesis of pheromones for economically important species like . (Risso), . (Kuwana), . Green, and . (Green) were

Frequency

Ant Associationerse weather by building earthen shelters around them and moving them to protected places. One of the direct benefits of ant association to mealybugs is shown in relation to the production of honeydew and the subsequent contamination of the honeydew and source insect with sooty mold. Access to honey

Euthyroid

Methods of Controlphal instars are covered with waxy coating making almost impossible to reach with insecticides applied on the mealybugs. A number of cultural controls are practiced and these vary greatly among regions. Now the mealybug management is based on chemical treatments, primarily with neonicotinoid insecti

reflection

Insecticide Resistance and Its Management in Mealybugso extensive and regular use of insecticides. The obscure mealybug Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) was reportedly resistant to DDT, parathion –methyl and chlorpyrifos. Planococcus ficus Sign. has the innate ability to develop resistance to insecticides. Parathion was extensively used to control Pseud

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