Titlebook: Mathematical Theory of Democracy; Andranik Tangian Book 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Arrow‘s Paradox.Condorcet‘s Paradox.Re

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Modernity and Schism in Understanding Democracyt. Although the founders of the new republican system explicitly contrasted it with democracy, the modern representative governments as practiced in industrialized countries today are commonly interpreted as democracies, primarily due to universal suffrage. This chapter describes the transformations

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Direct Democracy. The democratic institutions are evaluated using indices of popularity (average percentage of the population represented on a number of issues), universality (frequency of cases when the majority opinion is represented) and goodness (average of the group-represented-to-majority ratio). The indices

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Dictatorship and Democracyrbitrarily changing social situation. In its original formulation, the model implies the existence of a dictator, or, an individual whose preference always coincides with that of the society. Using the indices of popularity and universality introduced, it is shown that there are always ‘good’ Arrow’

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Representative Democracyare analyzed from the viewpoint of direct democracy. For this purpose, the parties’ positions on over 30 policy issues are compared with the results of public opinion polls. The outcomes are summarized in the party and coalition indices of popularity (the average percentage of the population represe

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Statistically Testing the Representative Capacity (coalition) positions on several policy issues, such as ‘Introduce nationwide minimum wage’ (Yes/No), ‘Privatize railways’ (Yes/No), etc., match up with the prevailing public opinion on these issues. If the issues are few and the candidates are numerous, then even a perfect match says little about

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Concluding Discussion: Bridging Representative and Direct Democraciesruly . if the elected actually . the public interest. However, electoral campaigns, especially under audience democracy, manipulate public opinion, resulting in a low representativeness of the government elected. To improve the situation, an alternative election procedure is imagined, which redirect

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Simple Applications convergence of the Borda and Condorcet counts as the size of the electorate increases. This application is aimed at planning a public opinion poll for ranking several options (like the candidates for election) with no cyclic majorities. Three other applications are based on formulas from Theorems 6

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Nuance

Application to Stock Exchange Predictionstatives’ are necessarily human, so some objects can represent the behavior of other objects. This idea is applied to the major American and German stocks with which the Dow Jones and DAX indices are computed. For this purpose the price fluctuations of the Dow Jones stocks are regarded as representat

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