Titlebook: Manual of Pediatric Cardiac Care; Volume I Talât Mesud Yelbuz (Editor-in-Chief),Mohammed Abdu Textbook 2024Latest edition The Editor(s) (if

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Fetal Echocardiography including limited access to prenatal care, technical limitations, experience of the sonographer or the medical care provider, time constraints, and patient-specific factors such as poor acoustic windows.

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OTTER

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Congenital Heart Defects is presented through clear, reader-friendly bullet points, along with relevant illustrations for the majority of defects. The chapter aims to equip medical practitioners with a practical and accessible guide to perform echocardiograms efficiently, aiding in patients’ diagnosis and management.

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BLANC

A Short Overview on Human Prenatal Cardiogenesisting from the complex interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors (e.g., hemodynamics, metabolism). It undergoes simultaneously structural and functional maturation while it transforms, in a dynamic and complex process, from a straight tube to a four-chambered heart within the firs

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Basic Physiological Aspects of the Cardiovascular System and Pathophysiology of CHDthus, cell perfusion. The heart is a specialized muscular organ system that ejects with rhythmic contractions blood from the low-pressure venous system into a high-pressure arterial system. To achieve this goal, the blood flows within the heart in a unidirectional way (due to the presence of valves)

NOMAD

Fetal Echocardiography heart disease can be diagnosed with precise details, but this is highly variable by practice and region. This variation is likely due to many factors including limited access to prenatal care, technical limitations, experience of the sonographer or the medical care provider, time constraints, and p

chronology

Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Arrhythmiapy in the form of premature atrial contractions (PACs) is estimated to happen in at least 1–3% of pregnancies; nevertheless, only about 10% of fetal arrhythmia have the potential to be life threatening.

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Fetal Interventionsion of abnormalities during fetal development that are related to the brain, heart, and lungs in presence of congenital heart diseases (CHD). Further, these advancements in fetal imaging have also allowed over the years to improve the accuracy in diagnosis of congenital abnormalities, including thos