Titlebook: Management of Oesophageal Carcinoma; Raymond L. Hurt (Consultant Thoracic Surgeon) Book 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1989 anatom

鸵鸟

Surgical Anatomy, of the foregut below, which 20 days after fertilisation will develop into the stomach. An external ridge develops on the 23rd day on its anterior wall and deep to this an internal groove, the laryngo-tracheal sulcus, forms which gradually extends caudally. This groove deepens and is pinched off by

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多产鱼

玛瑙

Pathology,ter. Rational management also requires assessment of the extent of the disease (staging) and prediction of its behaviour (cell typing and grading), which also come within the purview of the pathologist.

键琴

Surgical Resection for Postcricoid Carcinoma,ine drawn at the level of the hyoid bone marks the superior border, whilst in the adult the lower border of the cricoid cartilage lies approximately at the sixth cervical vertebra. The cervical oesophagus extends from this point to the thoracic inlet and varies in length depending upon the position

建筑师

Transhiatal Oesophagectomy without Formal Thoracotomy,d the possibility of coring out the oesophagus from within the mediastinum by a cervico-abdominal approach. Alton Ochsner (1978) reports seeing Clairmont performing this procedure in 1923 in Zurich, which was published in 1924.

amenity

Resection using Stapling Instruments,ance of cure and an effective means of palliation. It has, however, been associated historically with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. The length of the procedure, often in elderly debilitated patients, and a significant incidence of anastomotic leakage have been largely responsible for

Seizure

敏捷

Radiotherapy and Cytotoxic Therapy, irradiation gaining temporary relief of symptoms in patients with tumours in the root of the neck. However, it was only when treatment was given using radium inserted into the oesophagus either within a bougie or carried in grooves of a vulcanite tube that cures were obtained (Einhorn 1904; Exner 1

GREEN

Brachytherapy (Intracavitary Irradiation),iew by Earlam and Cunha-Melo (1980) gives survival rates of 18% at one year, 8% at 2 years and 6% at 5 years. Temporary relief of dysphagia is achieved but local recurrence occurs in 80% of cases and an unpleasant death with aspiration pneumonia results either from malignant obstruction of the oesop