Titlebook: Management of Breast Diseases; Ismail Jatoi,Achim Rody Book 2016Latest edition Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Breast I

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Nipple Discharge,le discharge remains a clinical diagnosis that requires differentiation between benign physiologic and pathologic characteristics. While most cases of pathologic nipple discharge are the result of benign proliferative lesions, malignancy can present as nipple discharge in a small proportion of cases

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Management of Common Lactation and Breastfeeding Problems,eeding difficulties manifest in many ways, including infant problems such as failure to thrive, colic, or fussiness and maternal concerns such as nipple pain and damage, or mastitis. The most common reason for premature breastfeeding cessation is insufficient milk. The etiology is multifactorial, bu

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Evaluation of a Breast Mass,essment including a full clinical and gynaecological history. Examination of the breast and regional nodes should seek cardinal signs of breast cancer, including skin or nipple distortion. Imaging (mammography for women over 40 years as a primary imaging technique and ultrasound as the first techniq

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Breast Cancer Epidemiology,illion cases of breast cancer were estimated by the WHO, with a different distribution in the burden of disease. In this chapter, relevant aspects of the epidemiology of breast cancer with an international perspective, including incidence, mortality and prevalence rates, are presented. Additionally,

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Breast Cancer Screening,ntrolled trials, not observational studies. There are three important biases associated with observational studies that examine the effect of screening: lead time, length, and selection biases. Randomized trials have shown that mammography screening reduces breast cancer-specific mortality in postme

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Premalignant and Malignant Breast Pathology,histologic diagnosis still is the basis for the planning of surgical and adjuvant treatment, but also the basis for risk assessment, and for further immunohistologic and molecular evaluation of the lesions. Therefore, a competent histologic workup, preferentially by a specialized breast pathologist,

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Breast Cancer Molecular Testing for Prognosis and Prediction,tly also predictive for response to the respective targeted therapies. In luminal HER2-negative early breast cancer with up to three involved lymph nodes, evidence-based multigene assays (e.g., Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, EndoPredict, Prosigna, Breast Cancer Index) have become available for accurate as