Titlebook: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Theory and Practice Marinus T. Vlaardingerbroek,Jacques A. Boer Book 2003Latest edition Springer-Verlag Berlin

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ther argument, that ‘any scientific prediction requires measurements; and measurements can only be made within certain specifiable limits of accuracy’. I should prefer to say that scientific measurements of a particular quality covered a range of values, rather than imply that they are bound to be i

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Historical Introduction,wever, there is a time gap of almost thirty years between the discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance simultaneously and independently by Bloch [1] and by Purcell [2] in 1946 and the first imaging experiments in the 1970s by Lauterbur and by Damadian.

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MRI and Its Hardware,is chapter we shall restrict ourselves to summarizing these basic physics concepts and we refer the reader to other books for qualitative descriptions [3–7] and to the detailed technical treatment in [8]. Since magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the topic of this textbook, there will be no discussi

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Contrast and Signal-to-Noise Ratio,nal level at that position. This parameter, called contrast, is the result of three properties of the imaged tissue: the proton density, .; the spin—lattice relaxation time, ..; and the spin—spin relaxation time, ... It is therefore necessary to understand how the contrast depends, for a certain sca

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Motion and Flow, of the (transverse) magnetization, which lead to blurring and ghosts [1]. Methods to minimize these artifacts will be discussed in this chapter. Also, motion itself may be the object of an MRI study, as is for example the case in the study of cardiac motion [2]. Methods used to study moving structu

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Partitioning of the Magnetization into Configurations, space in the case of 3D scans) was used to describe the different scan methods. By finding the path through the . space, much of the properties of a scan method and its fundamental artifacts, like those due to .. or .*. decay and resonance offset, could be explained. In this chapter it will be show

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equivalent to naturalism. Quine brought naturalised epistemology into the philosophical mainstream, and many accounts treat his route to naturalism as not merely a contingent historical one, but a conceptual one. And Quine’s rejection of the analytic/synthetic distinction is famously developed in op