Titlebook: Magnetic Fields of Galaxies; A. A. Ruzmaikin,A. M. Shukurov,D. D. Sokoloff Book 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers 1988 Variation.cosmic ray.

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IOTA

Galaxies,collection used by Hubble. The catalogues compiled by G. de Vaucouleurs and van den Bergh included 2599 and 935 samples respectively and the modern assemblages comprise up to 32000 pieces. Figure II.1 shows a few drawings made by Vorontsov-Velyaminov (1978, p. 42) from the photographs of his catalogue.

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Observation of Magnetic Fields,A direct indicator of magnetic fields in galaxies and other astronomical objects is their synchrotron emission. It is the emission of charged particles moving with relativistic velocities in the magnetic field (see, e.g., Ginzburg and Syrovatskii, 1964; Pacholczyk, 1970; 1977).

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Interpretation of Observational Data,Astrophysics deals with objects remote in space and time. Active experiments are impossible (except for within the solar system), and observational data are usually incomplete. So, there is a vast field of interpretations, stretching between observations and a final picture of a phenomenon. This field often begins with data processing.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2835-0Variation; cosmic ray; galaxies; galaxy; quasars; star; star formation; stars; turbulence

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Concluding Remarks,gradient. The hydromagnetic dynamo is a universal process that also generates magnetic fields in the liquid cores of planets and the convective zones of stars. An advantageous peculiarity of the galactic dynamo is the fact that in galaxies the velocity field can be observed directly. Moreover, in our Galaxy we even reside . a dynamo machine.

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