Titlebook: Macular Surgery; Current Practice and Andrew Chang,William F. Mieler,Masahito Ohji Book 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s

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Kinetic

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Automated Analysis and Quantification of OCT Images was only possible to measure retinal thickness previously, developments in artificial intelligence and particularly in deep learning have resulted in the availability of a large array of image analysis methods in a research setting today. It has become possible to quantify virtually every change se

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Artificial Intelligence in the Assessment of Macular Disordersutomated tasks for retinal and macular disorders, such as screening of diseases, segmentation of macular layers, quantification of biomarkers, prediction of treatment burden and outcomes, and so on. Although there are still barriers in medico-legal and ethical issues including regulations to overcom

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漫步

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Viewing Systems in Vitreoretinal Surgery system provides us faster, easier, and wider field compared with conventional contact direct lens system. The noncontact wide-angle lens is currently the most widely used viewing system for vitrectomy surgery. This system has some complicated manipulation and may be difficult for a beginner vitreou

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Intraoperative OCT in Macular Surgerymaking in the management of ophthalmic diseases. OCT imaging provides live analysis of cross-sectional ocular tissues of the anterior and posterior segments. A conventional OCT is commonly used for preoperative and postoperative macular assessments for the surgical treatment of macular diseases, suc

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Heads-up Microscope Systems in Vitreoretinal Surgeryncorporate three-dimensional (3-D) heads-up display with integrative camera–microscope and image processing tools to deliver technically advanced surgical visualisation platforms [1, 2]. Examples of 3-D digitally assisted heads-up endoscopic vitreoretinal surgery platforms that have been introduced