Titlebook: Low-Temperature Physics: an introduction for scientists and engineers; An introduction for P. V. E. McClintock,D. J. Meredith,J. K. Wigmor

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Electrons, to chapter 4 for a discussion of the related topic of superconductivity. Before focusing specifically on low-temperature aspects we shall review some of the basic concepts of electronic behaviour in solids. As in the description of phenomena arising from lattice vibrations, the states lying immedia

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,Liquid helium-3 and 3He—4He solutions, on average, so that the analogy with a gas is likely to be even better than in the case of liquid .He. Unlike .He, however, the .He atom (2 protons, 1 neutron, 2 electrons) is composed of an uneven number of fundamental particles. It therefore possesses a resultant spin, of .The .He atom is thus a

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Applications,with a domestic refrigerator working at a few degrees below the ambient room temperature. There are, of course, many processes and devices which can only be operated at temperatures below 100 K, simply because the physical phenomenon’ on which they are based, e.g. superconductivity or superfluidity,

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Book 1992researchers new to the field and to graduate and senior undergraduate students. Rapid scientific progress made over the last seven years in a number of specific areas-for example, high-Tc superconductivity and the quantum Hall effect-has inevitably rendered our earlier Matter at Low Temperatures som

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Superconductivity,llic compounds. Recently, superconductivity has been demonstrated in more exotic solids; for example, a limited number of organic compounds which consist of conducting chains in a polarizable matrix exhibit a zero resistance state at liquid helium temperatures.