Titlebook: Life and Its Future; Josephine C. Adams,Jürgen Engel Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to

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Manipulated Evolution and Artificial Life,me of an organism. Expression of proteins in bacteria, genetic modifications of mice and other animals or plants, and the CRISPR/cas9 gene editing technology are described. Finally the possibility of, and ethical issues around, gene editing in humans are discussed.

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Life on Other Planets,ions of the number of possible habitable planets; ongoing research on the environment of Mars, and efforts to search for life outside the Solar system. The idea of sending humans to Mars poses enormous challenges but appears possible to be achieved during the twenty-first century.