Titlebook: Life Cycle Impact Assessment; Michael Z. Hauschild,Mark A.J. Huijbregts Book 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 LCIA char

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Particulate Matter Formation,and how to deal with them in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA)..Following a short introduction and literature review, the first part outlines the complete emission-to-damage pathway, from emissions of primary particles and secondary particle precursors to damage on human health, so called ‘respira

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Photochemical Ozone Formation,nd different non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC)..The photochemical oxidant of main interest within LCA is ground level ozone (O.) caused by the emission of the air pollutants NO. and NMVOC within life cycles of products and services. Several different LCIA methods have been developed in

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Eutrophication,e of ecosystem changes due to over-supply of nutrients. Eutrophic water bodies exhibit changes in species composition that often include algal blooms and oxygen depletion, with occasionally arresting images of fish kills or dead zones. Though dramatic and subtle consequences of eutrophication itself

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Abiotic Resource Use, energy, nuclear energy, atmospheric resources (e.g. argon), and flow energy resources (e.g. wind energy). Land and water may also be considered as abiotic resources, but these are dealt with elsewhere in the book series in dedicated chapters (Chap. . Land use by Llorenç Milà i Canals and Laura de B

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Normalisation, to those of a reference system. By putting the LCA results in a broader perspective, it can facilitate their interpretation and communication, and allow checking whether their magnitude looks reasonable. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the two major normalisation approaches, inter