Titlebook: Lateral Neck Swellings; Diagnostic and Thera Mahmoud Sakr Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licens

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Cystic Swellings of the Anterior Triangle: Branchial Cysts,eft in embryonic development. They are the most common congenital cause of a neck mass, representing approximately 17% of all pediatric cervical masses. About 2–3% of cases are bilateral, and they have a tendency to cluster in families. Branchial cysts may not present clinically until later in life,

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Cystic Swellings of the Anterior Triangle: Laryngoceles,cates with the laryngeal lumen. It is usually unilateral but may be bilateral and occurs five times more in males than in females, with a peak incidence in the fifth and sixth decades. There are currently three main theories regarding the etiology of laryngoceles: congenital factors, increased laryn

MIRTH

Cystic Swellings of the Anterior Triangle: Plunging Ranulas,ingual gland and its subsequent herniation via the mylohyoid muscle into the submandibular space and beyond. It clinically presents as an asymptomatic, progressively expanding swelling on the lateral side of the neck; it may or may not have an intraoral component. Plunging ranulas have been found to

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Solid Swellings of the Posterior Triangle: Cervical Ribs,d above the normal first rib. However, it can also originate from the sixth or the fifth cervical vertebra. Cervical ribs are known to cause thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) or brachial plexopathy in up to 10% of the affected individuals, resulting in serious neurological and vascular symptoms in the

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Cystic Swellings of the Posterior Triangle: Cystic Hygromas,mphatic system that can arise anywhere in the body but is classically found in the posterior triangle of the neck and axilla. Most cystic hygromas (50–65%) are evident at birth, and 80–90% are present by the age of 2 years. The usual presentation apparent at birth is a large, diffuse, painless mass,

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d or regression from European integration. Foreign policy analyses placed in the service of a particular theoretical position are likely to suppress the empirically inconvenient, while those tailored to policy are unlikely to be encumbered by theory even though they are as likely as not to be uncons