Titlebook: Language and Literacy in Refugee Families; Chatwara Suwannamai Duran Book 2017 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 Refuge

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Introduction: Refugee, Language, and Literacy, author characterizes as transnational agents. The term ‘refugees’ is also defined legally, socioculturally, and historically. In addition, terms used to approach refugees’ language and literacy practices, such as multilingual repertoires, ideology and hierarchy, and translanguaging are discussed.

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The Three Families,ships between the participants and researcher were established and maintained. The chapter also introduces the three participant families, their stories, biographical information, insights, and their circumstances during the data-collection period.

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Karenni Youth, Multilingual Practices, and Transnational Literacy,n various ways and settings. The discussion also includes how linguistic practices such as translanguaging serve as an alternative in communication and in situations that require English language and literacy.

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