Titlebook: Introduction to Scientific Psychology; Henry D. Schlinger,Alan Poling Book 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York 1998 adopted-texb

elucidate

我邪恶

Phylogeny: Evolution and Behaviores evolved from a common ancestor. That chapter also described how Darwin’s theory of natural selection paved the way for a science of behavior, especially human behavior. Specifically, some researchers, including Pavlov, Thorndike, and Skinner, began to study nonhuman behavior in order to learn abo

Confound

Ontogeny: Classical Conditioningic ultimate causation—occurs during the lifetime of individual organisms. Its process, called ., is the selection of behavioral characteristics of organisms as a result of interaction with the environment. Scientific psychologists have found that learning is responsible for many of the similarities

发出眩目光芒

暴发户

老人病学

Languageough Descartes believed that the bodily processes of both humans and non-humans could be understood according to natural physical laws, he believed that human reason could not be understood in the same way. Descartes attempted to solve this dilemma by proposing a nonphysical rational soul (mind) in

讥笑

Cognitiongnitive psychologists—memory, mental imagery, and consciousness—are overviewed, and some typical experiments are summarized. Where appropriate, the cognitive approach is evaluated according to the characteristics of science discussed in Chapter 2 and alternative explanations are presented.

感染

Human Evolutionary and Prenatal Developmentying that our phenotype (physical appearance and behavior) is determined jointly by characteristics that we inherit from our ancestors (phylogeny) and from our unique individual histories (ontogeny). We can trace the beginning of each individual’s history to conception, when a single sperm fertilize

思乡病

变化

Individual Differences: Intelligence, Personality, and Social Behaviorshe or he behaves under particular circumstances. Each of us also behaves in ways both similar to and different from other individuals. Any attempt to understand behavior must account for these similarities and differences. Psychologists are referring to these behavioral similarities and differences