Titlebook: Introduction to Quantum Metrology; Quantum Standards an Waldemar Nawrocki Book 20151st edition Springer International Publishing Switzerlan

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New Standards of Mass,ram is likely to be redefined in relation to Planck’s constant. The work in progress discussed in this chapter aims to determine Planck’s constant by means of a watt balance and the Avogadro constant by counting the number of atoms in a mass standard of monocrystalline silicon .Si (XRCD method). For

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Single Electron Tunneling,. We discuss the attempts to construct a direct-current standard with SET junctions and explain why the results are unsatisfactory. We also describe two SET systems of more practical importance: the electron-counting capacitance standard (ECCS) and the Coulomb blockade thermometer (CBT).

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New Standards of Mass,the results obtained by different methods should agree. Apart from the two methods mentioned above, we discuss the development of a mass standard based on the accumulation of heavy metal ions of gold (.Au) and bismuth (.Bi).

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ications and exercises for electrical quantities, mass, leng.This book presents the theory of quantum effects used in metrology and results of the author’s own research in the field of quantum electronics. The book provides also quantum measurement standards used in many branches of metrology for el

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,The New SI System of Units—The Quantum SI,ars, since the first proposals by K. Gauss and J. Clerk Maxwell. We discuss the proposed redefinition of four SI units: kilogram, ampere, kelvin and mole. We present the particular importance of the new definition of the kilogram and the difficulties encountered in the development of a quantum standard of the unit of mass.

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Quantum Hall Effect and the Resistance Standard,fied experimentally. Conductance quantization in nanostructures is used in the analysis of large-scale integration circuits, as required by the currently used 14 nm technology and future technologies.