Titlebook: Introduction to Dutch; A Practical Grammar William Z. Shetter Book 1977Latest edition Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1977 15th c

APEX

The verb, past and perfect tenses (weak),The verbs in all Germanic languages can be divided into two major classes according to whether the past tense is formed by the addition of a suffix to the stem, e.g.

狼群

The verb (strong),. is indicated by some difference from the present in the vowel of the stem. First let us note how a typical strong verb is conjugated in the past

AUGUR

Some irregular verbs. The past perfect tense. Use of tenses,Following are a few verbs both strong and weak which do not fit into any of the classes given.

Firefly

Modal auxiliaries. Verb plus infinitive,These are verbs which ‘help’ or’ supplement’ another verb. Dutch has four modal auxiliaries* which form a separate category not only by virtue of their use but also because of their formation.

木质

Alienated

供过于求

Introduction,elongs, along with German, the Scandinavian languages and English, to the so-called ‘Germanic’ group of languages. We can see plainly the family relationship of Dutch to English when we compare words like

凹室

Pigeon

or independent home study and in groups or classes under formal instruction. With the former aim in mind, the explanations have been made as self-explanatory as possible, and a complete key to the exercises has been provided in an appendix. In the interest of simplicity and ease of reference and rev

四溢

Spelling, The spelling rules of Dutch revolve for the most part around the important distinction between ‘closed’ and ‘open’ syllables. Since, therefore, in order to learn how Dutch words are represented in writing we must understand what is meant by these two types of syllables, let us first see what ‘closed’ and ‘open’ mean.