Titlebook: Introduction to British Government; S. G. Richards Textbook 1984Latest edition S.G. Richards 1984 government.political science

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The Party System,cal parties, which present a choice of alternative policies to the electorate and which seek to gain power to implement their ideas. It is sometimes claimed that it would be better to have a government composed of the best men without reference to parties. This is based on the notion that political

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,Parliament: The House of Commons — I,rliament are obscure, but certainly go back to the 13th century. In 1547 Edward VI handed over the Palace of Westminster to Parliament as its permanent home and meeting place. With a few exceptions Parliament has met there ever since.

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Pressure Groups,ffers from a political party in that it does not seek to obtain power to govern; and its aim is narrow and specific rather than extending over a broad range of issues. Sometimes the term ‘interest group’ is used, while ‘The Lobby’. may be regarded as a collective description of all groups.

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The Civil Service and Government Departments,ce, who is paid wholly and directly out of money voted by Parliament and works in a civil capacity in a department of government. There are about 514,000 non-industrial civil servants, including temporary staff, and about 128,000 industrial civil servants, such as employees in the Royal Ordnance Fac

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The Public Corporations,n the two spheres, and one should beware of the over-simplifications of the committed ideologues on either side. For many centuries the State has intervened in the economic life of the nation. One era has differed from another only in the degree to which this has taken place. The Industrial Revoluti

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,Local Government I — Structure and Functions, from the nineteenth century. To deal with the acute social and economic problems brought about by the agrarian and industrial revolutions a number of . authorities were created. Under the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, Boards of Guardians were set up to administer workhouses for the poor; the Public

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,Local Government II — Management,e. Councils are in law bodies corporate, which means that they have a continuing legal existence irrespective of changes in their membership and that they may sue and be sued. They elect from among their members a chairman and vice-chairman, who in boroughs are the mayor and the deputy mayor.

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,Local Government III — Finance,g cost of maintaining local-authority services day by day) and over £4000 million on capital expenditure (investment in physical assets such as new schools, houses, libraries and town halls which continue to be of value over a long period). These figures represented 13 per cent of gross domestic pro