Titlebook: Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Volume 1: General an Gerard Marshall Raj,Ramasamy Raveendran Book 2019 Springer Natu

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The Great Pharmacologists and Their Revolutionary Discoveriesforth by some of the stalwarts in the field of biomedical sciences, who were involved in interdisciplinary research with special inclination towards pharmacology, are worth reviewing. In this chapter, the many doyens in the international arena of pharmacology from Jonathan Pereira (the .) to Louis C

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Drug Absorption and Bioavailabilityg is directly injected into the systemic circulation. Quantification of the bioavailability by studying the structure and the presence of chemical groups is called Quantitative structure-bioavailability relationship (QSBR). Various novel models have been proposed to improve drug absorption and incre

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Drug Distributionon, and slower onset of action. Plasma protein binding is responsible for displacement reactions and drug interactions. Excessive tissue protein binding can result in organ toxicities. To some extent, distribution can be quantified by the apparent volume of distribution. The volume of distribution h

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Drug Metabolismorgan metabolizing the drug is important for physician while administering multiple drugs in disease-states like liver and renal failure for the “fine-tuning” of the dose of a drug and avoiding further damage to the failing organ. As various factors like age, gender, food intake, disease status of t

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Mechanisms of Drug Actionresponse. Based on the site at which the drugs act and their intrinsic activity, drugs can interact with each other to cause additive or antagonistic effects. Receptors being stimulated or blocked for a long time undergo downregulation or upregulation, respectively. Various host and drug factors aff

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Drug Interactionse of the major reasons behind drug interactions. At the level of drug excretion, a drug can affect tubular secretion and reabsorption of other drugs. These interactions can be further classified as additive, synergistic, or antagonistic. In many instances, we have successfully employed drug interact