Titlebook: Intraoperative Monitoring; Neurophysiology and Silvia Mazzali Verst,Maria Rufina Barros,Marcos Vi Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable)

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Brainstem Reflexesoughing, swallowing, or other brainstem complex reflexes. Therefore, a method able to monitor some of these reflexes could be advantageous. An obvious problem in achieving this goal is that most brainstem reflexes disappear under general anesthesia, making it difficult or even impossible to elicit t

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The Brain Surfaceis knowledge in clinical practice, they were divided into lobes, regions, and compartments. Among other criteria, the brain can be subdivided according to its sulcal patterns, comparative anatomy, cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture. Myelogenesis, connectivity, and cerebral functions. These cortical

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Brain Functions: Eloquent Areas – Motor and Somatosensoryer general anesthesia, diverse monitoring and mapping techniques have been developed, which will be discussed in the following chapter. Transcranial and direct cortical stimulation for monitoring motor evoked potentials helps to assess the functional integrity of the primary motor system and allows

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Anesthesia: Awake Approach cooperation with neurofunctional tests. In this context, some particularities present themselves and must be managed by the anesthesiologist. The adequate application of the chosen anesthetic technique is primordial for the anesthesiologist to promote analgesia and sedation without interfering with

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Andreya Fonseca Cardoso Cavalcanti,Francisco Sotoof interaction and communication between citizens and the public sector. In the past two decades, there has been a tremendous shift in the sense that paper-based communication has largely been replaced with online content and digital services. Key aspects of this transformation have included initiat