Titlebook: International Workshop on Superconducting Nano-Electronics Devices; SNED Proceedings, Na Jukka Pekola,Berardo Ruggiero,Paolo Silvestrini Co

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D. V. Averinand .. They are assumed to be unknown parameters to be estimated from the data. A plot of the data, i.e., . versus . would be very illustrative showing what type of relationship exists empirically between these two variables. For example, if . is consumption and . is disposable income then we would

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E. Paladino,L. Faoro,G. Falci,R. Faziodels. In this chapter, we first give simple examples of simultaneous equations models and show why the least squares estimator is no longer appropriate. Next, we discuss the important problem of identification and give a simple condition that helps check whether a specific equation is identified. Se

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K. Yu Arutyunov,T. T. Hongisto,J. P. Pekolaodels. In this chapter, we first give simple examples of simultaneous equations models and show why the least squares estimator is no longer appropriate. Next, we discuss the important problem of identification and give a simple necessary but not sufficient condition that helps check whether a speci

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Roberto Leoni,Maria Gabriella Castellano,Fabio Chiarello,Guido Torrioliamples of applications to actual economic data. The other major applications of bunch maps were in Richard Stone’s work on consumers’ expenditure (Stone, 1945, 1954), but he did not consider an assumption of exact linear relations between systematic components as satisfactory.

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D. V. Averinh observation on the dependent variable . which could be consumption, investment or output, and .. denotes the i-th observation on the independent variable . which could be disposable income, the interest rate or an input. These observations could be collected on firms or households at a given point

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