Titlebook: International Perspectives on Cyberbullying; Prevalence, Risk Fac Anna Costanza Baldry,Catherine Blaya,David P. Farr Book 2018 The Editor(s

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Cyberbullying and Cybervictimizationen offline school bullying and online bullying. The very first studies (Smith et al. 2008; Kowalski et al. 2008) adapted the Olweus definition of bullying (Olweus 1995) to the online world, simply adding the precision that bullying was performed via electronic means of communication within the cyberspace:

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Conclusions and Policy Recommendationsere part of the European Union TABBY (.) project and from world leaders in the field, will help researchers as well as practitioners to increase knowledge and understanding of such a well-known phenomenon which still needs a lot of rigorous and well-planned research.

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Cyberbullying in the United Statesking, impersonation, outing, trickery/phishing, as well as exclusion. Utilizing technology, the perpetrator can send or post humiliating or threatening messages or photos of the victim to a third party or to a public forum visited by many online participants (Hinduja and Patchin 2009).

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Cyberbullying in the United Kingdom and Irelandictimization are related to cognitive and psychological factors such as low self-esteem and loneliness, and they are more prevalent in deprived schools. The chapter finishes by reviewing policies and programmes that are designed to reduce cyberbullying and cybervictimization.

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Cyberbullying in Spainerbullying in Spain was published (Ortega-Ruiz et al. 2008), and showed higher percentages, as follows: frequent cybervictims 1.5%, occasional cybervictims 9.3%; frequent cyberbullies 1.7%; occasional cyberbullies 5.7%; frequent cyberbullies/victims 0.6%; and occasional cyberbullies/victims 7.8%,

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