Titlebook: Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System; James C. Bonner,Jared M. Brown Book 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 immune r

得意牛

Introduction,vate or suppress cells of the innate or adaptive immune system. This chapter overviews the topics covered in this book and thereby sets the stage for understanding the complexity of immune responses to a diversity of emerging engineered nanomaterials.

弯腰

Macrophages: First Innate Immune Responders to Nanomaterials,eraction of ENMs with cell-surface receptors. The immune response of macrophages to ENMs, including inflammasome activation and alternative polarization, plays important roles in immune-mediated diseases such as fibrosis, asthma, and cancer.

Thyroid-Gland

Book 2020mer and biomedical fields have been reported to elicit adverse immune responses ranging from innate immune responses such as complement activation to changes in adaptive immunity that influence pathogen responses and promote disease states such as asthma. .Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immun

lipids

Nanomaterials and Neutrophils, we discuss how nanomaterials may recruit or activate neutrophils and how neutrophils, in turn, may target and digest certain types of nanomaterials. We also reflect on lessons learned from previous studies of host responses towards implantable biomaterials.

OVER

Complement Activation by Nanomaterials,n pathways of complement activation, the assays used to characterize complement activation by nanopharmaceuticals, briefly discuss biological/clinical implications of nanomaterial-mediated complement incitement processes, and strategies to avoid complement activation.

出来

Book 2020ity, allergic immune responses, adaptive provides the reader with (1) up to date understanding of immune responses to ENMs; (2) current testing methods; and (3) appropriate models including alternative testing strategies for evaluating immunotoxicity of ENMs.   

跟随

Mast Cells and Nanomaterials,when considering mast cell dysfunction. Research looking into ENM-induced mast cell pathologies is underwhelming; however; current research on the topic shows a clear ability for ENM to change mast cell activity and must be further explored.

Expurgate

清洗

Allergy and Immunity Induced by Nanomaterials,terials. For example, zinc or silver nanoparticles have been shown to modify atopic dermatitis in mice or humans, respectively. These findings indicate that engineered nanomaterials may have direct or modifying effects on allergic immune reactions in important target organs, notably the lungs and the skin.

任意

,Immunotoxicity Testing – In Vitro Cell Culture Models,currently established immune cell models and readouts to address the possible effects of nanomaterials. In addition to the conventional 2D cultures, the design and use of more complex 3D models is emphasized.