Titlebook: Integrated Optics; Theory and Technolog Robert G. Hunsperger Textbook 19954th edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995 Modulator.circ

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Waveguide Fabrication Techniques, of a specific technique of waveguide fabrication depends on the desired application, and on the facilities available. In this Chapter, various methods of waveguide fabrication are reviewed, and their inherent features are discussed.

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Losses in Optical Waveguides,ally predominates in glass or dielectric waveguides, while absorption loss is most important in semiconductors and other crystalline materials. Radiation losses become significant when waveguides are bent through a curve.

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Waveguide Input and Output Couplers,e, while others are multimode. Each type of coupler has its attendant set of advantages and disadvantages; none is clearly best for all applications. Hence, a knowledge of coupler characteristics is necessary for the OIC user, as well as for the designer.

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Coupling Between Waveguides,and dual side-by-side channel waveguides. In this chapter the different types of waveguide to waveguide couplers are described and a concise theory of operation is developed. For a thorough mathematical treatment of these devices the reader is referred to the work of . [7.1].

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Electro-Optic Modulators,ng one of its properties. A switch, on the other hand, changes the spatial position of the light, or else turns it off and on. Many of the same factors must be considered in designing or evaluating both modulators and switches. Hence, it is logical to discuss them together.

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Basic Principles of Light Emission in Semiconductors, with monolithic (or hybrid) integration. Also, LED’s and laser diodes are widely used in fiberoptic applications, because they can be modulated at high frequencies and can be efficiently coupled to the micrometer-size wave-guiding core of the fiber.

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Semiconductor Lasers,coherent optical emission will result. In this chapter, we consider several basic semiconductor laser structures and develop the quantitative theory necessary to calculate their expected performance characteristics.

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Distributed-Feedback Lasers,isrupted, which leads to difficulties in fabricating electrical connections and heat sinks. An alternative approach, which utilizes distributed-feedback (DFB) from a Bragg-type diffraction grating, provides a number of advantages while still utilizing a planar surface geometry.

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Direct Modulation of Semiconductor Lasers,ation. The topic of direct modulation of injection lasers is considered in this chapter; this follows the discussions of semiconductor laser fundamental principles and operating characteristics in Chaps. 10–12, so that the reader will be better prepared to appreciate the subtleties of the methods involved.

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Heterostructure, Confined-Field Lasers,onfine the carriers to the junction region [12.3, 4]. Actually, all three of these mechanisms are present in a heterostructure laser, and their combined effects result in a device that is vastly superior to the basic p-n homojunction laser.