Titlebook: Independent Africa, Dependent Science; Scientific Research R. Sooryamoorthy Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), und

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R. Sooryamoorthys a better understanding of the behavior of natural compositIn the past ?ve decades considerable attention has been devoted to comp- ite materials. A number of expressions have been suggested by which mac- scopic properties can be predicted when the properties, geometry, and volume concentrations of

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R. Sooryamoorthyic properties can be predicted when the properties, geometry, and volume concentrations of the constituent components are known. Many expressions are purely empirical or semi-theoretical. Others, however, are theoretically well founded such as the exact results from the following classical boundary

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ic properties can be predicted when the properties, geometry, and volume concentrations of the constituent components are known. Many expressions are purely empirical or semi-theoretical. Others, however, are theoretically well founded such as the exact results from the following classical boundary

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Researching Science in Africa,n the components of science production as seen in scientific publications, partnerships and funding. Knowledge of these components is essential in the assessment of the nature of science in Africa and its degree of dependency and self-reliance. The chapter highlights inequities in international part

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Science Production in Africa: Analysis of Scientific Publications,ve picture of the production of science in Africa during 2001–2018. In this chapter, the focus is on the research areas in which Africa published its scientific papers, the key institutions where scientific research was undertaken, and funding received from agencies to conduct and publish the resear

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Major Research Areas,try, engineering, physics, environmental sciences/ecology and materials science. The data is sourced from the Web of Science database for the period of 2001–2018. The data is analysed according to certain pertinent variables that are expected to have an influence on the production of publications. T

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Barriers to Self-Reliance,ientific system which is neither completely self-reliant nor dependent. Partnerships of different kinds serve Africa differently and hence they need to be examined to provide a balanced view of the benefits accrued to African science. Connected to this is funding which often comes from overseas and

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African Science: Realities, Possibilities,ituation of science, the chapter deals with the complexities of scientific partnerships that Africa engages with and the advantages and disadvantages of such partnerships. The chapter deliberates on problems related to funding for science and presents how funding should be approached to make Africa