Titlebook: Ice Ages and Interglacials; Measurements, Interp Donald Rapp Book 2019Latest edition Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 Ice Ages.Climate C

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Interglacials,re versus time shows a long Ice Age followed by a relatively sudden termination, which in turn is followed by a period of warmth we call an Interglacial. In other cases, there are short upward temperature excursions during an ice age, and it has been debated whether to call these Interglacials, or n

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Terminations of Ice Ages,n a mere ~5500 years. While there is ample evidence that the variation of solar input to high northern latitudes acts as a pacemaker for long-term variations in the ice volume of far northern ice sheets, there is nothing in the so-called Milankovitch theory that predicts when a termination will occu

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Ice Core Methodology,ure signal is described. Dating the layers in an ice core is a difficult matter, and a number of techniques have been employed. Counting annual layers visually is the most straightforward, but this method is limited to more recent times. Other, more sophisticated methods are described in the text. U

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Ocean Sediment Data, carbonate, (2) relative abundance of warm- and cold-water species, and (3) morphological variations in particular species resulting from environmental factors. Most studies have focused on oxygen isotope composition. Planktic forams represent a proxy for past sea surface temperatures. One of the mo

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Comparison of Astronomical Theory with Data,ysis of the patterns of ice core temperature versus time or of the ocean sediment data, clearly reveal frequencies corresponding to solar variation, which again supports the conclusion that solar input to high northern latitudes is the pacemaker for Ice Age—Interglacial cycles.