Titlebook: Hypnic Headache; Diagnosis and Treatm R. Silva-Néto,Dagny Holle-Lee Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclus

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Wellness in Local Economic Development,ndrome.” From that first description, there was a large scientific production all over the world on this disorder, although it is considered a rare headache. This chapter shows the studies on hypnic headache available in the main medical databases, such as PubMed, LiLacs, Wos, and IBECS, as well as

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Introduction,c criteria, knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms, and synthesis of new drugs. In this context, rare headaches have been described, such as hypnic headache that manifests itself in the elderly during sleep. Despite advances in the study of headaches, many physicians do not follow this evolution

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Epidemiology,eadache have been published since its first description in 1988. However, few research has shown its true prevalence. To date, four published case series have shown the prevalence of hypnic headache. In the first, in a study with 1400 patients with headache in a tertiary service, the prevalence was

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Clinical Characteristics in Adults,epend on complementary exams but on the knowledge of its clinical characteristics. In this chapter, clinical features were based on reports of 345 cases described over the past 34 years. Hypnic headache patients took a few years from the onset of pain to see a specialist. Diagnosis was made, on aver

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Clinical Characteristics in Children,022, only five children (three girls and two boys) with hypnic headache were described. In the ICHD-3 diagnostic criteria, hypnic headache is not exclusive to any age group. The diagnosis was made, on average, 15.8 months (ranging from 1 to 60 months) after the onset of headache. Most children were

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Pathophysiology,hat hypnic headache results from REM sleep disturbance, chronobiological disorder, or dysregulation of serotonin and melatonin. There appears to be a hypothalamic dysfunction. Headache attacks during sleep are common, both in primary and in secondary headaches. This is a feature of hypnic headache.

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Treatment,n more than 80% of the patients, the pain lasts less than 2 h and is of moderate intensity. Some patients use non-pharmacological measures, such as sitting up in bed or in armchair, getting up and walking, using an ice pack or heat on the head, sleeping with several pillows or even eating, reading,