Titlebook: Hydraulics, Hydrology and Environmental Engineering; Simon A. Mathias Textbook 2023 University of Durham 2023 Civil Engineering Hydraulics

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Method of Characteristics Solution for the Kinematic Wave Equationed. Leibniz’s theorem for differentiation of an integral is used to derive the Rankin Hugoniot jump condition for shock wave solutions. Rarefaction wave solutions are derived using a similarity transform. Plots of characteristic curves are used to derive a combined shock wave and rarefaction wave so

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Convolution Solution for the Diffusion Wave Equationcay term and a time-varying boundary condition. A dependant variable transform is designed to reduce the diffusion wave and decay equation to a simple diffusion equation. The Laplace transform is used to reduce the resulting partial differential equation to a linear, second-order, ordinary different

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Chemical and Heat Transporttion with decay can be used to look at chemical and heat transport in porous media. The concepts of total and kinematic porosity are explained. A range of relevant transport processes are introduced including adsorption, microbial degradation, radioactive decay, molecular diffusion, hydrodynamic dis

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Hydrology and Frequency Analysislimate and land surface on river flows is explored by comparing river flow observations from different catchments in the UK, Indonesia and Botswana. Various methods of measuring river flow and rainfall are described and explained. Various relevant statistical concepts are introduced, including retur

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Fluid Flow in Porous Mediauitards, porosity, void ratio, hydraulic conductivity and permeability. The Kozeny-Carman equation for permeability is derived by comparing Darcy’s law with the Darcy-Weisbach equation. The Ergun equation, which represents a semi-theoretical form of the Forchheimer equation, is derived by combining

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Confined and Unconfined Aquifers and flowing wells. A comparison is presented concerning groundwater distribution for unconfined aquifers in temperate and arid environments. Steady-state analytical solutions are derived for ground water flow in a confined aquifer, an unconfined aquifer and an unconfined aquifer with recharge. Prac

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Steady-State Radial Flow to Wellsnd injection wells. We derive the Thiem equation for steady-state flow to a production well in a homogeneous and isotropic confined aquifer of infinite lateral extent. The principle of superposition is invoked to account for the co-existence of multiple production and injection wells. The method of

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