Titlebook: Hydraulics in Civil Engineering; A Course with Experi Christoph Rapp Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2024

公理

CURB

Unsteady pipe flow These are the continuity and energy equations according to Alliévi and their solutions by Riemann as well as the unsteady momentum equation. A problem that is solved step by step completes this topic. Needless to say that open source codes for the method of characteristics are provided.

平静生活

Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2024is designed as a course that can be applied modularly. The goal is to present the facts in an understandable and descriptive way and with experiments, software, and materials that are available anywhere..This is an open access book..

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Essential physicsChapter 3 covers basics of physics which are fundamental for the understanding of the following chapters. These are the aggregate states, the basic quantities with their units, Newton’s laws and selected properties of water.

Horizon

Introduction to potential theoryChapter 4 gives a brief introduction into potential flow with derivations of the standard solutions of Laplace’s equation. The solutions for potential and stream functions plus the velocity fields are given for parallel flow, sources and sinks as well as the potential vortex.

Enrage

Turbulence and its modellingChapter 6 gives a very brief introduction to turbulence. This goes in line with a cursory approach to numerics and the description of the major strategies to compute streams three dimensionally.

palliate

Bernoulli equation and energy diagramsIn Chapter 8 water finally flows. Friction-free flow is described by the Bernoulli equation, where energy diagrams are also introduced. The base for pipe flow is laid and the phenomenon of cavitation is explained.

Concrete

declamation

Momentum equationTwo experiments of pipe and free surface flows are used in Chapter 10 to illustrate the scope of application of the momentum equation. These are in detail the flow through a nozzle and the force applied onto a sluice gate.

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