Titlebook: How Autocrats Rise; Sequences of Democra Ali Riaz,Md Sohel Rana Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive

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Ali Riaz,Md Sohel Ranaombinations or practices should be avoided such as consuming equal portions of honey and ghee or the heating of honey. But is there any biomedical evidence for these practices? This chapter will evaluate evidence-based research as it applies to Ayurvedic dietary recommendations and discuss how it re

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,Introduction: “Despots Masquerading as Democrats”,ve been sounding the alarm for more than a decade that the situation is getting worse. As more and more countries have regressed from democracy in quick succession, it has now become an era of autocrats. This chapter discusses the global state of democracy and explains the features of the current re

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The Sequence of Backsliding and the Rise of the Autocrats,ratic breakdowns. The trends in democratic backsliding suggest that the nature of the backsliding process is incremental and open-ended. This chapter offers a new theoretical framework with two aspects—institutional and ideological—to understand the process, especially the sequence which leads to th

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Hungary: The Perfect Autocracy?,major political parties, FIDESZ and MSZP through 2010. Since Orban-led FIDESZ came to power in 2010, Hungary’s democracy began backsliding and has gradually been moving toward authoritarian direction. Orban’s massive constitutional changes, strategically designed electoral system, preemptive repress

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Turkey: Becoming a Closed Autocracy?,mic crises and military coups. When Erdogan became prime minister in 2003, democracy experienced some improvements in his first term, but it began backsliding since 2008. During the 2008-present period, Erdogan has transformed Turkey’s parliamentary democracy into a presidentialism, and converted it

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Conclusion: The Lessons Learned and the Way Forward, contribution includes the identification of a specific pattern and sequence of democratic backsliding. Other contributions include the emphasis on an integrated approach and the insistence on non-institutional factors such as agent, audience, and ideology, that work in tandem with institutional man