Titlebook: Hizmet in Transitions; European Development Paul Weller Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2022 gulen.hizmet

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e disorders, including endocrinologists, pathologists, radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and surgeons, who also discuss sample cases and provide syntheses of the relevant scientific literature..978-3-319-36053-9978-3-319-22276-9

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Paul Wellere disorders, including endocrinologists, pathologists, radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and surgeons, who also discuss sample cases and provide syntheses of the relevant scientific literature..978-3-319-36053-9978-3-319-22276-9

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Hizmet in European ral European countries. In doing so, it especially draws upon primary research material derived from interviews with a range of key individuals in Hizmet who have been publicly associated with it in the countries concerned, while also setting these sources within the descriptive and analytical contributions of other relevant literature.

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he United Kingdom, and beyond.Analyses and evaluates the pas.In this open-access monograph, Paul Weller explores how the movement known as Hizmet (meaning “service”) is undergoing a period of transitions in Europe. Inspired by the teaching and practice of the Turkish Islamic scholar, Fethullah Gülen

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Introduction,alities relating to Hizmet, including those of the author himself. Finally, the importance and distinctiveness for this book of the primary interview material with Fethullah Gülen and Hizmet participants are underlined.

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Turkish Origins and Development grew into a network of business associations and media organisations, thereby achieving considerable reach and influence in Turkey. Following the end of the USSR, the chapter traces how Hizmet’s educational initiatives spread into formerly Soviet Turkic countries and the Western Balkans.

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Pivotal Issues in Pivotal Times Europe are also discussed. Finally, Weller identifies the emergence in Europe of what he calls a “three-layered Hizmet” consisting of early migrants, a generation of more recently emerging leaders and the new arrivals post-July 2016.