Titlebook: Heart Valve Disease; State of the Art Jose Zamorano,Patrizio Lancellotti,Philippe Pibaro Book 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Valv

prosperity

Aortic Stenosis,ch cause progressive obstruction of LV outflow. AS is the second most frequent cardiovascular disease after coronary artery disease and hypertension with a prevalence of 0.4% in the general population and 1.7% in the population over 65 years old. Congenital abnormality (bicuspid valve) and older age

打击

SUGAR

Aortic Valve Intraoperative Echocardiography,d aortic valve disease. Imaging is essential to decide optimal moment and type of procedure depending of aortic valve anatomy. Intraoperative echocardiography (IOE) is of paramount importance to achieve best acute and long-term results and avoid complications. In the present chapter, main IOE indica

奇思怪想

缩短

Mitral Regurgitation,itation is caused by abnormalities of the mitral valve components, whilst secondary mitral regurgitation is caused by abnormalities of the juxtaposed cardiac chambers, the left ventricle and/or the left atrium. Assessment, prognosis and management of mitral regurgitation depend on the primary or sec

预感

外科医生

Tricuspid Valve Disease,R) on outcomes. Primary TR represents a small number of the patients presenting with symptomatic disease. Understanding of the anatomy of the right heart and tricuspid valve helps elucidate the multiple mechanisms that result in secondary TR. Echocardiography remains a primary imaging modality for t

SPALL

perpetual

压倒

Infective Endocarditis,utic methods. The present chapter will update our knowledge in the field of infective endocarditis including new diagnostic strategies, the need to create an endocarditis team in reference centres, current guidelines concerning the management of these patients and the best way to prevent this deadly