Titlebook: Health Surveillance of Individual Workers Exposed to Chemical Agents; Wilfried R. F. Notten,William J. Hunter,Reinier L. Conference procee

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Summary Report, Conclusions and Recommendations and gases, from ingestion or by dermal absorption. The respiratory tract is the main portal of entry, and this is reflected in the occupational exposure limits (OELs) adopted in a number of countries. These are usually expressed as time-weighted averages on the basis of an 8-h day over a 40-h week.

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Variability in Toxicokinetics in Exposure to Solventsl knowledge of individual kinetics; at the same level of exposure, the measured biological parameters, e.g. the level of solvent/metabolite in exhaled air, blood and urine, show inter- as well as intraindividual variability which cannot be explained.

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Variability in Toxicokinetics in Exposure to Metalsber of other sources of variation may be of importance for occupational practice. Factors causing variability in the utilization and effects of essential metals are not discussed in this paper. A sometimes difficult descrimination in favour of occupational factors should be borne in mind.

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Screening Models in Occupational Health Practice for Assessment of Combined Exposure to Chemicals atational environment, most situations involve exposure, not to a single, but to several chemicals. There may be prior, coincidental or successive exposure to a multiplicity of chemicals. The nature and conditions of exposure may lead to a significant alteration of the toxicity of the single chemical

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The Impact of Nonwork-Related Impairments of Organ Functions on the Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamiccts in the majority of the exposed workers. In view of the type of scientific information on which they are based (e.g. experimental studies on healthy inbread animals; cross-sectional epidemiological studies on active workers; retrospective morbidity and mortality studies on cohorts of workers), th

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Screening Models in Occupational Health Practice to Detect and to Assess Individuals and Groups at Rdentification and removal from risk of susceptible individuals. In modern Western countries, much has been achieved in the control of exposure in the workplace. Meanwhile, the medical scientists have focused their efforts on new screening methods and more sensitive laboratory tests for the detection

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The Impact of Aspects of Time and Duration of Exposure on Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Workp4). In most countries, MAK values are set for 8 working hours per day and 40 h per week. Often, however, this does not correspond with reality since the organization of working hours, including shift work, implies substantial variations, depending on national regulations and social contracts in cert

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The Impact of Physical and Mental Activity on Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Workplace Chemicarg (1970), Åstrand et al. (1972, 1973) and Monster et al. (1979a, b) and was discussed in regard to physiological and practical aspects by Zielhuis (1971) and Åstrand (1975). Using physiological principles, the uptake of gaseous solvents, via the lungs, with a given concentration in ambient air (C.)