Titlebook: Handbook of Epistemology; Ilkka Niiniluoto,Matti Sintonen,Jan Woleński Book 2004 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2004 epistemolo

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The History of Epistemologyand axiology (ethics and aesthetics) still seems the most efficient and general one. Thus, epistemology belongs to the main parts of philosophy. However, the terms which now denote this field, namely ‘epistemology’ and ‘theory of knowledge’, appeared not very long ago, later than terms indicating me

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Testimony: Knowing Through Being Toldg. But in analytic philosophy the expression is used as a label for the process by which knowledge or belief is gained from understanding and believing the spoken or written reports of others generally, regardless of setting. In a modern society testimony thus broadly understood is one of the main s

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Learning Theory and Epistemologyy novel abilities and scientific theories that extend past experience. Learning is not restricted to humans: machines and animals ran learn, social organizations can learn, and a genetic population can learn through natural selection. In this broad sense, learning is adaptive change, whether in beha

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Scientific Discoveryy possible type of object of discovery. One can discover new things or phenomena, such as sofar undetected quasars or unconquered continents or undescribed species of microorganisms, although it may be argued that such discoveries employ particular classificatory schemes, concepts and some particula

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Belief Revision from an Epistemological Point of Viewby Isaac Levi (1977, 1980) and William Harper (1977) has been particularly important. In 1985, Carlos Alchourrón, Peter Gärdenfors, and David Makinson presented a formal model of belief change that is now known as the AGM model of belief change. Their work set a new standard for formal precision in