Titlebook: Handbook of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision; Minzhong Yu,Donnell Creel,Alessandro Iannaccone Book 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

文艺

Electroretinography or drug toxicity can be measured and quantified with ERGs. Flash stimuli vary in their sensitivity to retinal dysfunction. For example, scotopic dim blue and red flash ERGs are most sensitive to systemic metabolic disorders and are usually the best stimuli to follow progression of disease.

stress-response

Visually Evoked Potentialsulate the eye for recording of flash VEPs with or without sedation/anesthesia. Multifocal VEPs (mfVEPs) allow recording VEPs corresponding to multiple retinal loci extending up to 60° of the central visual field.

障碍

Congenital Non-Degenerative Retinal DiseasesThis chapter summarizes the application of electroretinogram and/or visual evoked potential in patients with congenital stationary night blindness, Oguchi disease, fundus albipunctatus, achromatopsia, blue cone monochromatism, and mutations of paired box 6 gene.

不满分子

VEST

小卒

https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137479563ut 10 minutes. When the ratio of the amplitude of the “light peak” to that of the “dark trough” (i.e., light peak:dark trough ratio (LP:DT ratio)) is less than 1.7, the EOG is considered as abnormal. The normal value of LP:DT ratio is near 2 or greater. The EOG placement of electrodes is also used for tracking eye movement.

揉杂

Electrooculographyut 10 minutes. When the ratio of the amplitude of the “light peak” to that of the “dark trough” (i.e., light peak:dark trough ratio (LP:DT ratio)) is less than 1.7, the EOG is considered as abnormal. The normal value of LP:DT ratio is near 2 or greater. The EOG placement of electrodes is also used for tracking eye movement.

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Characteristics of Visual Electrophysiology in the Diseases of Optic Nerve or Visual Pathway, optic nerve hypoplasia, traumatic optic neuropathy, neurofibromatosis, and optic nerve toxicities that can provide clinicians information for differential diagnoses. In addition, this chapter will help clinicians choose suitable electrophysiologic tests in specific patients.

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Serenity