| 书目名称 | Handbook of Antenna Technologies | | 编辑 | Zhi Ning Chen,Duixian Liu,Thomas Zwick | | 视频video | http://file.papertrans.cn/421/420808/420808.mp4 | | 概述 | Provides a comprehensive, quickly accessed reference work on antenna technologies and applications.Clarifies fast-developing advances in a field which is critical to communications and wireless techno | | 图书封面 |  | | 描述 | This Handbook aims to present the rapid development of antenna technologies, particularly in the past two decades, and also showcasing the newly developed technologies and the latest applications. The handbook will provide readers with the comprehensive updated reference information covering theory, modeling and optimization methods, design and measurement, new electromagnetic materials, and applications of antennas. The handbook will widely cover not only all key antenna design issues but also fundamentals, issues related to antennas (transmission, propagation, feeding structure, materials, fabrication, measurement, system, and unique design challenges in specific applications). This handbook will benefit the readers as a full and quick technical reference with a high-level historic review of technology, detailed technical descriptions and the latest practical applications. | | 出版日期 | Reference work 2016 | | 关键词 | Antenna Applications; Antenna Arrays; Antenna Design; Antenna Engineering; Antenna Reference; Antenna The | | 版次 | 1 | | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-44-3 | | isbn_ebook | 978-981-4560-44-3 | | copyright | Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 |
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Front Matter |
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Maxwell, J.C. Maxwell’s Original Presentation of Electromagnetic Theory and Its Evolution |
Tapan K. Sarkar,Magdalena Salazar-Palma |
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Abstract
One of the objectives of this presentation is to illustrate how Maxwell came to his mathematical constructs of the work done before him by Oersted, Ampère, Faraday, Gauss, and so on, into a concise and precise mathematical form. In addition, the chapter addresses two specific topics which are fundamental in engineering electromagnetic education: how did Maxwell reached the conclusion that light was electromagnetic in nature and thereby revolutionized the last-century physics and the concept of displacement current? Maxwell first published his famous equations 20 in number in the early 1860s, and yet they were not accepted by the scientific community and were not put in the proper form till the early 1880s. The question is why it took over 20 years for the scientific community to grasp Maxwell’s ideas. One of the reasons why Maxwell’s theory was so difficult to follow was due to the development of Maxwell’s thought process through different times. This made Maxwell not to identify his physical pictures with reality. Maxwell felt free to discard one picture and adopt another as often as expediency or convenience demanded. Maxwell’s theory over the years evolved in two different steps
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Physics and Mathematics of Radio Wave Propagation in Cellular Wireless Communications |
Magdalena Salazar-Palma,Tapan K. Sarkar,Mohammad N. Abdallah,Walid Dyab,M. V. S. N. Prasad,Sio Weng |
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Abstract
The objective of this chapter is to illustrate that an electromagnetic macro model can accurately predict the dominant component of the propagation path loss for a cellular wireless communication. The reason a macro model can provide accurate results that agree with experiments is because the trees, buildings, and other man-made obstacles contribute second-order effects to the propagation path loss as the dominant component that affects propagation is the free-space propagation of the signal and the effect of the earth over which the signal is propagating. It is demonstrated using both measurements and an analytical theoretical model that the propagation path loss inside a cellular communication cell is first 30 dB per decade of distance, and later on, usually outside the cell, it is 40 dB per decade of the electrical distance between the transmitter and the receiver irrespective of their heights from the ground. This implies that the electric field decays first at a rate of .. inside the cell and later on, usually outside the cell, as .., where . stands for the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. This appears to be independent of the frequency of operation in the ba
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Commercial Antenna Design Tools |
Qing Huo Liu |
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Abstract
Antenna design traditionally relies on physical understanding of electromagnetic radiation, intuition, and experience, as well as trial-and-error experimentations. With the advent of computers and increasingly sophisticated numerical methods, however, computer-aided design tools play a central role in today’s antenna design and optimization process. This chapter presents a summary of commonly used commercial antenna design simulation tools and their underlying computational electromagnetics methods.
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Numerical Modeling in Antenna Engineering |
Weng Cho Chew,Li Jun Jiang,Sheng Sun,Wei E. I. Sha,Qi Dai,Mojtaba Fallahpour,Yu Mao Wu |
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Abstract
The principal computational electromagnetics techniques for solving antenna problems are reviewed. An introduction is given on a historical review of how antenna problems were solved in the past. The call for precise solutions calls for the use of numerical methods as found in computational electromagnetics. A brief introduction on differential equation solutions and integral solutions is given. The Green’s function concept is introduced to facilitate the formulation of integral equations. Numerical methods and fast algorithms to solve these equations are discussed..Then an overview of how electromagnetic theory relates to circuit theory is presented. Then the concept of partial element equivalence circuit is introduced to facilitate solutions to more complex problems. In antenna technology, one invariably has to have a good combined understanding of the wave theory and circuit theory..Next, the discussion on the computation of electromagnetic solutions in the “twilight zone” where circuit theory meets wave theory was presented. Solutions valid for the wave physics regime often become unstable facing low-frequency catastrophe when the frequency is low..Due to advances in nanofabric
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Physical Bounds of Antennas |
Mats Gustafsson,Doruk Tayli,Marius Cismasu |
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Abstract
Design of small antennas is challenging because fundamental physics limits the antennas performance. Physical bounds provide basic restrictions on the antenna performance solely expressed in the available antenna design space. These bounds offer antenna designers a priori information about the feasibility of antenna designs and a figure of merit for different antenna designs. Here, an overview of physical bounds on antennas and the development from circumscribing spheres to arbitrary shaped regions and embedded antennas are presented. The underlying assumptions for the methods based on circuit models, mode expansions, forward scattering, and current optimization are illustrated and their pros and cons are discussed. The physical bounds are compared with numerical data for several antennas.
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Concept and Applications of Receiving Mutual Impedance |
Hon Tat Hui |
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Abstract
The concept of receiving mutual impedance is introduced through derivation from a method of moments (MoM) analysis. The theoretical and experimental methods for the determination of the receiving mutual impedance are given and illustrated with typical examples of dipole and monopole antenna arrays. The fundamental difference, namely, the truly isolated state between the receiving mutual impedance and the conventional mutual impedance, is explained. Typical examples for the application of the receiving mutual impedance are given to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of using this concept. These examples include applications in direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, in interferences suppression, in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phased-array design, and in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems.
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Metamaterials and Antennas |
Richard W. Ziolkowski |
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A variety of antennas have been engineered with metamaterials and metamaterial-inspired constructs to improve their performance characteristics. Interesting examples include electrically small, near-field resonant parasitic (NFRP) antennas that require no matching network and have high radiation efficiencies. Experimental verification of their predicted behaviors has been obtained. This NFRP electrically small paradigm has led to a wide variety of multiband and multifunctional antenna systems. The introduction of active metamaterial constructs further augments the antenna designer’s toolbox and leads to systems with many interesting and useful properties.
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Optimization Methods in Antenna Engineering |
Douglas Werner,Micah Gregory,Zhi Hao Jiang,Donovan E. Brocker |
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Optimization strategies have been heavily used in the antenna design community for many years. Oftentimes, the details of the strategies and optimization configurations are left out of the designs in open literature. The goal of this chapter is to inform the reader of many of the algorithms currently being used in the antenna design community, give a detailed operation of four of the most commonly used algorithms, and compare their performance on test functions and an example antenna design problem. Additionally, several recent examples of complex antenna designs which made use of these algorithms will be examined.
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Transmission-Line Based Metamaterials in Antenna Engineering |
Marco A. Antoniades,Hassan Mirzaei,George V. Eleftheriades |
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In this chapter, transmission-line-based metamaterials are presented, and their application to the design of passive and active antennas is outlined. Transmission-line metamaterials, also termed negative-refractive-index transmission-line (NRI-TL) metamaterials, are formed by periodically loading a transmission line with lumped-element series capacitors and shunt inductors, and it is shown that they can support both forward and backward waves, as well as standing waves with a zero propagation constant. These rich propagation characteristics form the underlying basis for their use in many antenna applications, including leaky-wave antennas, compact resonant antennas, and multiband antennas. The resonant characteristics of the NRI-TL metamaterial structures reveal how these structures can be designed to offer multiband responses whose resonant frequencies are not harmonically related while offering large degrees of miniaturization. Design equations for rapid prototyping are presented, enabling the simple design of metamaterial antennas to a given specification using standard microwave substrates and loading elements in either fully printed form or surface-mount chip components. A num
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Theory of Transformation Optics in Antenna Design |
Di Bao,Tie Jun Cui |
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Abstract
Transformation optics provides a bridge between the electromagnetic functionality of the device and the material properties of the custom-engineered media. This chapter includes an overview of transformation optics theory and their application in antenna engineering. The basic theory of transformation optics is analyzed, including the general transformation and quasi-conformal mapping. Reviews are focused on the planar lens antenna, the multibeam antenna, the Luneburg lens antenna, and the metasurface Luneburg lens.
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Frequency Selective Surfaces |
De Song Wang,Shi-Wei Qu,Chi Hou Chan |
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Abstract
Traditionally, frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) comprising structures with periodicity in two dimensions have important applications as spatial filters in microwave and optics. Due to the manufacturing process, they are usually in the form of printed patches on a dielectric substrate or apertures in a conducting screen. Multiple FSS screens and dielectric layers can be stacked together to meet desirable spectral filter responses. For these structures, a surface discretization of the unknown currents and/or electric fields is more convenient, and efficient integral equation solutions are sought thereafter. Recent developments in manufacturing processes, material properties, and new wave phenomena call for periodic structures with three-dimensional (3D) unit-cell elements. There are situations that a volumetric discretization of the unit cell is more appropriate, and differential equation solutions are preferred. The advent of powerful commercial simulation tools allows effective FSS designs with more flexibility. Compounded with the popularity of 3D printings, some previously unimaginable FSS structures can now be cost-effectively realized. Exploitation of transmission and reflec
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Optical Nanoantennas |
Robert D. Nevels,Hasan Tahir Abbas |
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Abstract
An overview of the field of optical plasmonic antennas is presented in this chapter. After a brief introduction and historical review, the theory of surface plasmon polaritons which leads to a set of overall observations as to the requirements and restrictions placed on the operation of plasmonic waveguides and antennas is presented. Both a single metal-dielectric interface and two interfaces between a metal sheet with dielectrics on either side are considered. In the second section the physical principles of operation and mathematical design criteria are presented for several common optical antennas including on-surface metallic structures and free standing particles. The third section covers the basic theory of aperture radiators along with a more detailed description of some popular designs. Current applications of optical nanoantennas are presented along with a discussion on some future directions in optical nanoantenna research.
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Localized Waves: Theory, Techniques, and Applications |
Mohamed A. Salem,Christophe Caloz |
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In the first part of the chapter, an introduction to localized waves (LWs) is presented as polychromatic superposition of propagation-invariant beams (PIBs) with specific spatiotemporally coupled spectra. In the second part of the chapter, the focus is shifted towards some of the peculiar characteristics of electromagnetic LWs that distinguish them from other types of electromagnetic waves. In the last part, a presentation of the state-of-the-art techniques and experiments to generate electromagnetic PIBs is illustrated. Since PIBs are near-field phenomena, the electromagnetic structures that generate them differ significantly from conventional radiating antennas.
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Terahertz Antennas and Measurement |
Xiaodong Chen,Xiaoming Liu |
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Abstract
Terahertz technology has been receiving expanding interest in the recent years. With the help of newly invented terahertz sources, terahertz systems have been developed for various applications. One important technology for terahertz systems is the design of efficient antennas for terahertz wave transmission and receiving. Accordingly, the terahertz antenna measurement technology is of equal importance as terahertz antenna design. This chapter gives an overview of the state-of-the-art terahertz antenna design and measurement for a range of applications including the photoconductive antennas and radioastronomy/remote sensing antennas.
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Three-Dimensionally Printed/Additive Manufactured Antennas |
Min Liang,Hao Xin |
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Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), or often referred to as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is an important emerging research area which has received much attention recently. It allows 3D objects with arbitrary geometry to be printed automatically layer by layer from bottom to top. This technology offers several advantages compared to conventional manufacturing techniques including the capability of more flexible design, prototyping time and cost reduction, less human interaction, and faster product development cycle. 3D printing techniques have been applied in many different sectors including mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, biomedical engineering, art, architecture, and landscaping. This chapter reviews state-of-the-art 3D printed antennas from microwave to THz frequencies and offers practical and futuristic perspectives on the challenges and potentials of 3D printed antennas. An overview of various 3D printing techniques relevant to antenna applications is presented first. A number of 3D printed antenna examples categorized by different AM methods are then described. Finally, technical challenges and possible solutions of 3D printing technology specific to antenna appli
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Linear Wire Antennas |
Kazuhiro Hirasawa |
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This chapter shows the basic characteristics of a linear wire antenna in time-harmonic electromagnetic fields. The application of the method of moments is explained briefly to obtain the current distribution on the antenna. For a transmitting antenna, input impedances, current distributions, and radiation patterns are shown for four typical antenna lengths. For a receiving antenna, current distributions and reradiation patterns are shown when the complex conjugate of the input impedance is loaded at the receiving point. The received and reradiated power of the loaded receiving antenna is shown for three different plane-wave incident angles. Also the application of the Thevenin equivalent circuit is discussed for the calculation of the received power. Characteristics of a Yagi-Uda antenna are shown where the optimum gain of a reactance-loaded Yagi-Uda antenna is compared with that of an end-fire array.
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