Titlebook: Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change; Hajime Akimoto,Hiroshi Tanimoto Reference work 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Auth

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Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Aerosol Programare also tightly linked to climate forcing by direct/indirect effects. The main goal of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Aerosol Program is to enhance the coverage, effectiveness, and application of long-term aerosol measurements within GAW and with cooperating networks worldwide. This chapter summ

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The European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) – A Coordinated Effort to Provide Harmonizedusly broadened scope, it represents the major source of information for assessing the regional scale air quality and transboundary fluxes of pollutants in Europe. Results show that for many pollutants, there has been significant improvements, while for others the levels are still high, which calls f

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Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET)ond to the concern of acid deposition and air pollution issues. The EANET covers the monitoring network of wet and dry deposition, soil and vegetation, inland aquatic environment, and catchment scale. Data report and periodic report have been published to evaluate the state of acid deposition and it

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Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Ozone Networksesondes. At present, there are approximately 50–60 stations submitting data to the WMO-GAW World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Centre for each of these three networks. Some historical notes are provided for each technique, followed by a short discussion of the measurement principles, the method of cali

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Ground-Based Remote Sensing Measurements of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Using Fourier Transform Infrared (Fnts on a regional to global scales, while also influencing atmospheric chemistry. In addition to in situ measurements, CO concentrations can be inferred using remote sensing techniques, yielding total atmospheric column concentrations or volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles over a range of altitudes.