Titlebook: HIV Infection in Children and Adolescents; Raziya Bobat Book 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 AIDS.antiretroviral therapy.immunisa

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The Geology of Stratigraphic Sequences success of prevention of mother to child transmission programmes has resulted in transmission rates decreasing from 3.6% in 2011 to 1.3% in 2017. This has placed SA on track for elimination of HIV via mother to child transmission. Unfortunately, in many developing countries, many women do not seek

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03380-7ecause of rapid disease progression, EID is essential for reducing the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with infant HIV infection. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV can occur in utero, intrapartum or postnatally, via breastfeeding. Hence, repeat testing at multiple intervals during in

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The Geology of the Atlantic Oceannts and children who, for various reasons, were not receiving ART. Widespread rollout of ART, even in developing countries, has significantly changed the clinical manifestations of pediatric HIV infection. Children who are initiated on ART from birth do not present with the classical signs and sympt

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5648-9unistic conditions are often AIDS defining and are responsible for serious morbidity and mortality especially among the antiretroviral naïve HIV infected children. Common opportunistic diseases include upper airway obstruction secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and candidiasis, pneumonia second

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https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-151-2roviral therapy (ART). GIT diseases are often the first indication of paediatric HIV-infection. The entire length of the GIT (and accessory organs such as the liver and pancreas) can be adversely affected in HIV-infected children, and it is pragmatic to approach GIT diseases based on the symptoms th

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77263-7ve haemopoeisis or increased peripheral destruction. The abnormalities are more severe in advanced stages of disease. The pathophysiology is complex as the causes are often multifactorial. HIV infection itself is the cause of most dysfunction, but this is compounded by opportunistic infections, infl

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4764-7and high mortality. Patents with AIDS were not fully investigated and about 50% of children with HIV infection died before 2 years. Children developing cancers in this setting were often treated with palliative intent and had poor outcomes. Similar to the experience in adults, cancer was often the f