| 书目名称 | Fundamental Interactions in Physics and Astrophysics | | 副标题 | A Volume Dedicated t | | 编辑 | Geoffrey Iverson,Arnold Perlmutter,Stephan Mintz | | 视频video | http://file.papertrans.cn/350/349996/349996.mp4 | | 丛书名称 | Studies in the Natural Sciences | | 图书封面 |  | | 描述 | The present volume is a compilation of the talks presented at the 1972 Coral Gables Conference on Fundamental Interactions at High Energy held at the University of Miami by the Center for Theoretical Studies. The volume contains, in addition, contributions by B. Kursunoglu and G. Breit, which were not actually presented, but are included as tributes to Professor P.A.M. Dirac, to whom the Conference is formally dedicated. Again this year the theme, style and format of each session was in most cases the responsibility of the section leaders who also cons~ituted the Conference Committee. This organization of the conference meant that each section was coherent and essentially self-contained, and as weIl, allowed for spirited panel discussions to critically summarize, and to indicate new directions for future research. This volume is divided into four sections on Constructive Field Theory, and Advances in the Theory of Weak and Electro magnetic Interactions, Cosmic Evolution,and New Vistas in the Theory of Fundamental Interactions. Each section represents a thorough, penetrating survey of one of the most active research programs of theoretical physics. Thanks are due to typists Mrs. He | | 出版日期 | Book 1973 | | 关键词 | astrophysics; field theory; theoretical physics | | 版次 | 1 | | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4586-2 | | isbn_softcover | 978-1-4613-4588-6 | | isbn_ebook | 978-1-4613-4586-2 | | copyright | Springer Science+Business Media New York 1973 |
| 1 |
Front Matter |
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Abstract
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| 2 |
Constructive Field Theory Introduction to the Problems |
A. S. Wightman |
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Abstract
Over the last decade, a new branch of quantum field theory has been created, .. This theory has a feature in common with so-called axiomatic field theory: in it a result is a result only if given a precise mathematical statement and proof. Barring human fallibility, its results are therefore truth. (Their significance for physics is something that each person has to judge for himself.)
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| 3 |
The P(φ)2 Model |
Lon Rosen |
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Abstract
The model for which the most complete results have been obtained is the P (φ). model describing self-interacting massive scalar bosons in two space-time dimensions. It is known that this model satisfies all of the Haag-Kastler axioms and many of the Wightman axioms. In terms of the program outlined by Arthur Wightman in the previous talk, progress on P(φ). has been carried forward to about item 7 and thus provides a good laboratory for investigating the questions of a physical nature contained in items 8–10.
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| 4 |
The Yukawa Quantum Field Theory in Two Space-Time Dimensions |
Robert Schrader |
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Abstract
In this talk we review recent progress made on a particular model in quantum field theory, the Yukawa model in two space-time dimensions. In four space-time dimensions this model is supposed to give a “realistic” description of the interaction between massive nucléons of spin 1/2 and massive scalar mesons. As for the theory of polynomial boson self interaction, which has been described to you by L. Rosen, the reason for choosing two space-time dimensions is in order to make the theory as easy as possible. Compared to the . theory this model poses new problems which are related to the fact that an infinite energy and boson mass renormalization is necessary. It is an open question whether the perturbation series converges, but nonperturbative methods have been established which permit a discussion. Nevertheless perturbation theory will again be a good guide in guessing the right form of the equations and estimates involved in the theory. To study the dynamics of the theory, the canonical way is to start with the Hamiltonian and express the interaction in terms of the free nucleon and meson field operators at time zero. This approach is obviously noncovariant, but the covariance will
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| 5 |
Perturbation Theory and Coupling Constant Analyticity in Two-Dimensional Field Theories |
Barry Simon |
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Abstract
One obvious question to ask if one has a family of honest field theories obtained from Lagrangian models is the relation of the theory to the Feynman perturbation series. One is interested in this question for two reasons. First, one would like to understand why perturbation theory is such a good guide; put differently, one would like to show that perturbation theory “determines” the theory in some way. Secondly, one hopes to prove rigorously that some (or all) of the theories are non-trivial. If one could show a Feynman series is asymptotic for a truncated four-point Green’s function, one would know some theories are nontrivial in that their S-matrix is nonzero (modulo the proof of a mass gap and the existence of one particle states).
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| 6 |
Panel Discussion |
Geoffrey Iverson,Arnold Perlmutter,Stephan Mintz |
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Abstract
: I was thinking what would happen in this discussion session in view of possibly being asked to discuss my talk before I gave it. So to avoid that, I wrote down one or two things that might be reasonable to talk about here. First I would like to elicit some comments from the other people in the panel. Now that we have good control over theories in one space, one time dimension and some preliminary estimates in two space, one time dimensions, I would like to ask the members of the panel firstly how they feel the subject can come closer to what other people in elementary particle physics are doing and secondly how to bring out the physical ideas, perhaps to the point where the mathematical ideas can be some-what suppressed. Now that might sound like heresy but I think we are headed in the direction where the proofs are becoming more and more complicated. We can look back 20 or 30 years at people who have worked on early renormalization theory and they gave up at a point where the things they were trying to establish became so technically complex they couldn’t see their way through the problems. I wonder what the other members of the panel think we should do to avoid that happening t
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| 7 |
Constructive Field Theory, Phase II |
Arthur Jaffe |
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Abstract
It now appears possible to study a realm of problems in CFT which, two years ago, appeared an order of magnitude too difficult to tackle. The finishing touches have just been put on the first paper of this sort., and in this talk I will describe some of the basic ideas; these ideas are simple, although the details of the paper are complicated. The main question that I will discuss today has been around as long as field theory: Namely how does an interacting field model react to perturbations by an external source? Such perturbations of ., or in fact any reasonable local perturbations of the . model, have been shown to be regular by James Glimm and myself.. As a consequence, (i) further properties of the original model have been established., (ii) some new breakthroughs are being made. and (iii) these methods appear promising for use in the study of more singular models than ..
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Theory of Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions |
Steven Weinberg |
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Abstract
The problem I am going to discuss is an old one, and I don’t think it needs a great deal of convincing to show you it’s an important one. The problem is how to construct field theories of the weak interaction which make sense, and in particular, how to construct theories in which divergences either do not appear at all, or can be eliminated in a physically reasonable way.
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Current High Energy Neutrino Experiments |
A. K. Mann |
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Abstract
In the universe of elementary particles the neutrino is unique in that — as far as we know — it interacts with other particles only through the Fermi or weak interaction. Cross sections for neutrino collisions with matter are of the order of 10. cm. or less at moderate neutrino energies while the cross section for, say, electron scattering by matter is of order 10. cm. at similar energies.
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| 10 |
Dispersion Inequalities and Their Application to the Pion’s Electromagnetic Radius and the Kℓ3 Param |
S. Okubo |
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Abstract
The dispersion relation is an indispensable tool for analyzing various problems in high energy physics. In this paper, we shall consider applications of a new type of dispersion relation to various problems.
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Prospects for the Detection of Higher Order Weak Processes and the Study of Weak Interactions at Hig |
David Cline |
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Abstract
The first observation of weak interactions is now over 75 years old.. An impressive array of understanding of a vast number of phenomena has been achieved for low energy processes, and yet some of the simplest questions that can be asked about the basic nature of the weak interaction can not presently be answered. In many ways we know less about this interaction than we do about the strong interaction. Apparently Heisenberg was the first to recognize the significance of the dimensionality of the coupling constant of the lowest order currentcurrent interaction,. the lowest order interaction being ., where . are appropriate currents and G is the coupling constant. G has the dimensions of (length) . or (1/m). with a numerical value ..
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Breaking Nambu-Goldstone Chiral Symmetries |
Heinz Pagels |
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Abstract
Here we will describe some of the implications of breaking Nambu-Goldstone Chiral symmetries. Most of the work described here, in particular the nonanalytic character of expansions of matrix elements in the symmetry breaking parameters, and the theory of SU (3) violation was worked out in collaboration with Ling-Fong Li at Rockefeller University..
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| 13 |
Introduction |
Steven Weinberg |
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Abstract
This is a session on cosmology. I think 10 years ago to announce that at a conference would create a certain sense of embarrassment, a feeling that cosmology, although not precisely a criminal activity, wasn’t entirely respectable either. However, things have changed very much in the last decade. Before, let’s say 1965, the primary concern of cosmologists (not the unique concern but the primary concern) was kinematic, the large scale structure of a very smoothed out universe — a universe presumed to be homogeneous and isotropic. A certain amount of attention was paid to the mass density of the universe because the Einstein field equations imposed a relation between the apparent expansion rate and deceleration of the universe’s expansion and the mass density of the cosmic matter. But the detailed structure of the contents of the universe was not something that was in the forefront of the minds of cosmologists. But things have been changing at a rapid rate, and I think that theorists really owe this to the experimentalists, and more than anything else to the discovery of the black body radiation in 1965, which is now generally regarded as a 2.7.K microwave background which appears to
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| 14 |
Interacting Galaxies |
Alar Toomre |
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Abstract
This talk focused on i) photographs of real interacting galaxy pairs (notably Nos. 82, 85, 86, 87, 242, 243, 244 and 295 from Arp’s (1966) .), ii) several related theoretical diagrams taken from a forthcoming . paper jointly with my brother Juri, and iii) a two-part computer-made movie already reported in part by Toomre and Toomre (1971).
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| 15 |
Missing Mass in the Universe |
George Field |
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Abstract
The total mass content of the universe; this is a thorny and controversial topic. I think Jim Peebles may place it in a cosmological context as we go along here. I recommend to you a recent book by Jim Peebles called ., of which one chapter is very close to what I will be saying today.
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| 16 |
Evolution of Irregularities in an Expanding Universe |
P. J. E. Peebles |
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Abstract
In the standard cosmology the Universe is described by a highly symmetric model — homogeneous, isotropic, and uniformly expanding. This picture has enjoyed a modest success., but it does neglect the obvious detail that the observed matter is not uniformly distributed; it is concentrated in galaxies, and the galaxies themselves are distributed in a highly organized fashion.. It seems clear that this irregular organization of the matter has something fundamental to say about the nature of the Universe, and it is an important challenge to cosmology to account for it. I will be describing below a few aspects of the phenomenon and a possible phenomenological picture for the development of irregularity in an expanding universe.
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Panel Discussion |
Geoffrey Iverson,Arnold Perlmutter,Stephan Mintz |
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Abstract
: I would like to begin by asking the panelists for any comments or questions they may want to direct to each other, and I will then ask for questions of the audience. George?
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| 18 |
The Dirac Hypothesis |
Edward Teller |
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Abstract
All of us imagine that simple explanations of important and interesting problems in physics really exist: they do not have to be constructed, they have to be found. Past experience bears out this belief to which we are dedicated.
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| 19 |
Zitterbewegung of the New Positive-Energy Particle |
P. A. M. Dirac |
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Abstract
I spoke about a new wave equation last year and I would like now to talk about some recent developments of it. At present we don’t know how to apply this equation. I am not sure if it applies at all, but it is so closely connected with the successful equations that I feel there must be some application for it.
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| 20 |
A Master Wave Equation |
Behram Kursunoğlu |
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Abstract
In the two previous papers (to be referred to as I and II) a relativistic wave equation describing particles with different spins and masses has been proposed and discussed in detail. For the half-integral spin systems there are no subsidiary conditions on the wave function and for the integral spin systems the wave equation itself contains the required subsidiary conditions. The particle classification is based on the finite dimensional representations of the group G = [SO (3, 2) ⊗ U (3, 1)] where N. (dimension number of SO (3, 2)) assumes only the values 4, 5 and 10 while N (the dimension number of U (3, 1)) ranges over the entire representation spectrum of U (3, 1) viz. N=1, 4, 6, 10, 15, 20,... The wave functions (suppressing the SO (3, 2) index) are of the form ., ., ., where we observe that the trace operation, for example, in . and . by means of the metric . does not commute with the U (3,1) transformations.. Thus the . which are reducible under O (3,1) correspond to irreducible representations of U (3,1). A square bracket around the indices implies antisymmetry while a curly bracket implies symmetry under permutations of the respective indices.
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