Titlebook: Electron-Photon Cascades; A Probabilistic Poin Vladimir V. Uchaikin Book 2024 Higher Education Press Limited Company 2024 Cosmic rays.Casca

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脆弱带来

Analytical Theory,bout the primary particles of the cascade will be stored in the initial conditions of the equations for these functions: . means that the cascade is initiated by primary electron with energy ., whereas conditions . say, that the primary particle is a photon.

铁砧

Relativistic EPC in Intergalactic Medium, of intergalactic magnetic fields, these interactions initiate electron–photon cascades. The contributions of .-rays from these cascades should constitute a noticeable fraction into the diffuse extragalactic background.

情节剧

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11641-9ifference method, multigroup method, moment method, decomposition in orthogonal functions, and their combinations with Monte Carlo and numerical methods of recovery of desired solutions from decomposition coefficients. This book focuses on one of these methods, the spline backward cascade equation (SBCE), for two reasons.

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Soft Computing for Metamaterial Structures, of them is the age parameter ., which relates the penetration depth of particles to the energy of the primary particle initiating the shower. The concept of the “age” of a shower has been in use in the cosmic ray community for more than half a century.

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SBCE Method,ifference method, multigroup method, moment method, decomposition in orthogonal functions, and their combinations with Monte Carlo and numerical methods of recovery of desired solutions from decomposition coefficients. This book focuses on one of these methods, the spline backward cascade equation (SBCE), for two reasons.

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Statistical Fluctuations in EPC,aindrops, but appear broken, consisting of almost rectilinear segments of random length and random directions. At high energies, the processes of particle production also take place, so that the trajectory of the cascade in the atmosphere becomes similar to an inverted tree.