Titlebook: Extemporaneous Ophthalmic Preparations; Eman Ali Saeed Alghamdi,Abdulmalik Yahya Al Qahtan Book 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 E

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Preservatives Used in Ophthalmic PreparationsAs mentioned in the previous chapter, preservatives are excipients that are commonly used in preparing ophthalmic products. The following preservatives are the most commonly used [1]:

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Guidelines of The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) on Pharmacy-Prepared OphthalmGuidelines on extemporaneous compounding of ophthalmic products have been produced by the concern authorities. One of these is the ASHP guidelines for the extemporaneous preparation of ophthalmic products. The ASHP has designed this guideline to assess the pharmacist in producing efficient, safe, and effective, ophthalmic preparations [1].

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Intravitreal InjectionsIntravitreal injections are currently considered as one of the most important procedures to treat various posterior segment diseases [1–7].

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Intracameral InjectionsIntracameral injections have very limited indications. They are mainly used at the end of cataract surgery as a prophylactic measure of post-operative endophthalmitis [1].

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Equipments and Steps for Subconjuctival InjectionsEquipments for the subconjunctival injections include [1, 2]:

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Formulations of Extemporaneous Topical Ophthalmic Preparationsg family, followed by use, dose, and preparation. The preparation is discussed in detail in terms of concentration(s), procedure, expiration date, storage, packaging, and special precautions. Some formulations are hazardous; therefore, special caution is highlighted so that the medication must be pr