| 书目名称 | Expert Cultures and Standardization /Expertenkulturen und Standardisierung | | 副标题 | Romance Languages in | | 编辑 | Maria Selig,Laura Linzmeier | | 视频video | | | 丛书名称 | Studienreihe Romania | | 图书封面 |  | | 出版日期 | Book 2023 | | 关键词 | Soziolinguistik; Normierung | | 版次 | 1 | | doi | https://doi.org/10.37307/b.978-3-503-20914-9 | | isbn_ebook | 978-3-503-20914-9Series ISSN 0340-9643 | | issn_series | 0340-9643 | | copyright | Erich Schmidt Verlag GmbH & Co. KG 2023 |
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Front Matter |
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Abstract
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,‘Doing expertise’: linguistic standardization in early modern Romance expert cultures, |
Maria Selig,Laura Linzmeier |
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Abstract
For more than thirty years, there has been an increasing interest in “alternative language histories” (Elspaß 2021: 94). Rather than concentrating on literary norms or the norms of higher social classes, scholars have tried to conceive language history from a new perspective and have shifted their interest to varieties hitherto seldom taken into consideration: the language of ‘ordinary people’, not of privileged classes, and the language of informal use – that is, private letters, account books and trial proceedings instead of literary poetry and prose, sacred texts and courtly conversation (cf. Elspaß 2021: 99– 102; cf. also Oesterreicher 1997). This shift to a . (Elspaß 2005) is meant not only to highlight domains which until now have been eclipsed by traditional narratives; the classic models of standardization, heavily influenced by concepts of national identity and hegemonial, homogeneous national languages, are also at stake. The aim of these new approaches, then, is to show how historical instances of standardization processes have been influenced by dynamics located ‘below’ the social classes and/or communicative genres believed to be the driving forces behind the selection
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,Medizinisch-botanische Synonymenlisten zu den hebräischen Übersetzungen von Avicennas , |
Sebastian Lauschus,Guido Mensching,Luca Refrigeri,Frank Savelsberg |
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Abstract
This contribution uses an example from the field of Jewish medicine to sketch some tendencies in how Romance specialized terminology spread and became quasi-standardized across regional borders even before the trends of humanistic re-Latinization and early modern globalization. The article focuses on three lists of medico-botanical word correspondences (Arabic–Latin/Romance) in Hebrew characters. These alphabetically ordered lists are based on an index or table of contents originally belonging to a Hebrew version of Avicenna’s ., apparently originating from Southern France. In the oldest line of transmission for these lists, the Romance component is written in Old Occitan. We retrace how this Old Occitan terminology in Hebrew garb spread to central Italy, where it was enriched through a multitude of Italo-Romance lexical items. In this process, some Old Occitan terms persisted in the texts, figuring alongside a great number of Italo-Romance forms. In this context, the Occitan linguistic and cultural area can be considered as a kind of center of irradiation, from which medico-botanical knowledge and linguistic forms spread to other geographic and cultural areas, such as the Iberian
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,Conventionalization of verb-noun constructions in legal discourse, |
Christine Paasch-Kaiser |
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Abstract
Phraseological units and especially verb-noun constructions are a key element of legal texts. However, their diachronic development and their entrenchment in historical French legal discourse have rarely been studied. In this paper, the presence and diachronic development of five verb-noun collocations whose nucleus is the legal terminological unit . will be examined exemplarily on the basis of legal text books from Normandy or texts related to them. Most of them are part of the RIN ConDÉ-Corpus and were written or printed between the 14th and the 16th century. The aim of this paper is to examine whether these verb-noun collocations are conventionalized legal phraseological units of the customary law of Normandy and beyond the limits of this region.
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,I linguaggi tecnici nelle carte friulane del tardo Medioevo, |
Gabriele Zanello |
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Abstract
Between 1250 and 1420, in the age of the decline of the Friulian patriarchal state, a city life began to develop in Friuli animated by new social forces and professional groups. This social and economic process, accompanied by the diffusion of writing and reading skills, also had significant repercussions on the level of language: Once the previous linguistic and social fracture between the German-speaking ruling class and the Romance-speaking popular class had been overcome, Friulian began to be adopted as an administrative language by all those people who, in addition to usually using it in oral form, needed to use it even in writing. An important project of transcription and publication of the materials preserved in various collections of the Region has been dedicated to the phenomenon of the usual Friulian . between the 14th and 15th centuries: the edition of a substantial number of ancient manuscripts now makes it possible to carry out specific surveys on the lexicographical sector. In particular, it becomes possible to collect the examples of technical language that emerge from the documents and examine them, from various points of view, with different objectives: an illustra
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,Più , che ,. Percorsi non letterari nella storia e nella lessicografia dell’italiano, |
Lorenzo Tomasin |
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Abstract
Studies on History of Italian language are frequently biased by a traditional privileged focus on the literary language, and/or on the Tuscan tradition. It is a situation often complained also for the history of some other Romance languages, that can be explained in Italy by different and specific historical and cultural reasons. An example is chosen in this paper as a study case. The bilingual (or multi-lingual) Italian early modern lexicography produced outside Italy and largely independent both from literary tradition and from Tuscan primacy, opens some alternative paths to the research on the history of language, on its diffusion and on its learning in the European society. Three . are considered here in particular: the lexicographical descent of the German-Italian glossaries originally published in Venice in 1424, John Florio’s dictionaries (started with ., 1598), and the long series of bi- or multi-lingual dictionaries opened by Antoine Oudin and culminating in the . signed by Giovanni Veneroni (Jean Vigneron), first published in 1700.
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,Standardisierungsprozesse in der administrativen Schriftlichkeit des , im 16. Jahrhundert, |
Tabea Salzmann |
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Abstract
What effects can a multilingual space have on written communication? This article pursues the objective of considering contact effects on the standards of administrative documents in form, text and scripts. The documents under consideration pertain to the colonial administration of the . of the 16th century. While they represent a broad of contents in one text type and involve many different writers they were all written in the main ports of Portuguese India between 1512 and 1612. Their fairly homogeneous form suggests a well-developed professional system of writing, writers and postal exchange that implements and develops standardised forms of administrative communication in a written context in a give and take between mother country and colonies, between institutions and individual professionals, between rules and regulations and everyday practice.
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,Knowledge and Writing in the Spanish Colony. The Promotion of Education and Literacy by the Jesuits |
Marina Albers |
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Abstract
The aim of this contribution is to investigate the role of the Jesuit Order in disseminating education, knowledge and literacy in the historical religious Province of Paraguay, and to explore the extent to which their own writing activity represents the characteristics of the European epistolary discourse tradition. From a socio-cultural point of view, the Jesuits were committed to providing outstanding education in the colonial society through the . which they founded and directed, and they disseminated knowledge and culture through libraries and printing presses. Against this background of increasing literacy in the colonies, a corpus of letters written in the 18th century in historical Paraguay by Jesuits, as writing experts, will be classified and analyzed from a discourse-traditional and pragmatic perspective. The focus will be on the questions of which textual elements of communicative distance of the European epistolary tradition are followed in the corpus texts and in which areas innovations or even linguistic novelties are implemented in the discourse tradition of the letter during the so-called . (1675–1825).
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,„Le parfait négociant“ als vollendeter Sprecher? Wirtschaftsfachsprache und Sprachnormierungsdebatt |
Katharina Fezer |
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Abstract
This paper aims to shed light on the language of trade used by merchants in seventeenth-century France, specifically on the relationship between this linguistic variety and the standardization debate fostered by the courtly and literary institutions of the time. The theoretical and practical sides of this relationship will be taken into consideration: First, it will be shown that an examination of the metalinguistic treatises of this century reveal both prescriptive, and therefore derogatory, attitudes towards this variety, as well as more descriptive and tolerant stances. Second, some select examples of syntactical and lexical features in model commercial letters, found in both handbooks for merchants and other letter-writing manuals of this era, will be compared to the corresponding norms advocated by the treatises. This analysis leads to the conclusion that the model letters, rather than complying with codified and prescriptive norms, demonstrate an adherence to their own standards which are guided by the practical requirements of commercial processes.
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,“Navigating” the visual surface – the writing strategies of French navigational experts in the seve |
Laura Linzmeier |
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Abstract
The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe were a time of knowledge accumulation and documentation. Navigation was a sector affected to the same degree by the authorities’ attempts to accurately sort and store information too. This article considers French navigational journals, which were increasingly strictly controlled and regulated by the authorities in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The focus is on the journals’ visual aspects, namely, the layout constraints present in tables, which significantly influenced the navigators’ writing behavior. By analyzing a journal from the mid-eighteenth century, this article shows that the advantages associated with the table format – that is, the collection of a large amount of information and the ability to retrieve it quickly thanks to its conciseness – conflicted with the writing needs of navigators who thus used narrative strategies to balance out this conflict.
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,Ways of wisdom: the transfer of knowledge into German-speaking countries discussed on the basis of |
Anne Weber,Daniele Moretti,Vahram Atayan |
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Abstract
In the early modern period nonfictional texts in the broadest sense were dominant in both text production and translation. After the invention of the printing press, more and more translations were published in the vernacular, predominantly requested by noblemen and produced by scholars. Traditionally however, linguistics and translation studies have focused on literary texts. As a result, we lack well-founded historically oriented research focusing on the translation of specialized texts, while at the same time, bibliographies that would enable or support comprehensive analyses do not exist. Within the context of the ., the . pursues two objectives. First of all, we compile a comprehensive bibliography of early modern translations from seven (mostly Romance) source languages, integrating two earlier projects (focusing on the Romance languages and Latin as source languages) with a new collection of English-German and Dutch-German translations published between 1450 and 1850. Second, our technical infrastructure will be made accessible for interested researchers to create their own similar databases in the future. After a brief introduction (Section 1), the present contribution will
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,Sprachliche Vielfalt und disziplinäre Ausdifferenzierung: Dante in den Akademievorträgen Benedetto |
Martin Sinn |
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Abstract
Among the myths about the origin of language diversity, the biblical story of Babel is probably the most popular in Western culture. In its reception, the origin of language diversity is often linked to the different crafts involved in the construction of the tower. Against the background of this nexus linking disciplinary differentiation and language diversity, this article undertakes a contrastive analysis of the efforts for language elaboration as they can be found in Dante’s . and . just as in the . on Dante, which Benedetto Varchi delivered to the . between 1543 and 1547. While the texts of the two authors are similar in their efforts to extend the vernacular into the domain of the scientific disciplines, they are fundamentally different in terms of the arrangement of the treated disciplines: Compared to Dante’s ., the reconstruction of his horizon of knowledge that Varchi undertakes in his academy lectures is accompanied by an increased awareness concerning the diversities and incompatibilities of the individual scientific disciplines. However, this brings into focus not only the individual scientific disciplines, but also the medium in which this content is conveyed: languag
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,Les phrases pseudo-clivées inversées dans la traduction scientifique dans l’Italie de la fin du 18e |
Franz Meier |
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Abstract
In the 18th century, the translation of scientific texts played a fundamental role in the creation of scientific periodicals, which were mainly addressed to small groups of experts. This article focuses on the use of reversed pseudo-cleft sentences in the Italian translation of French scientific texts of the late 18th century. The aim is to determine, in a contrastive perspective, the frequency, form and function of this construction in the French and Italian scientific language of the time. The diachronic evolution of French and Italian reversed pseudo-cleft sentences has not been studied yet, contrary to the diffusion of cleft-sentences in Italian, which is often attributed to the dominant influence of French in the 18th century. The analysis is based on a corpus of translations published between 1770 and 1795 in Italian scientific periodicals and on a corpus of comparable untranslated Italian texts published in the same period and in the same periodicals.
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Back Matter |
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Abstract
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发表于 2025-3-21 17:41:00
