Titlebook: Evolution of the Vertebrate Ear; Evidence from the Fo Jennifer A. Clack,Richard R Fay,Arthur N. Popper Book 2016 Springer International Pub

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Amphibia: A Case of Diversity and Convergence in the Auditory Region,fferentiated stapes inside a middle ear cavity associated with a eustachian tube and tympanum. Instead, salamanders and caecilians have rudimentary stapes connected to the cheek or jaw articulation, and they lack the tympanum and middle ear cavity. At the same time, batrachians (salamanders and frog

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,Actinopterygians: The Ray-Finned Fishes—An Explosion of Diversity,ntation of the endocranium into separate ossification centers, and reduced bony enclosure of the inner ear. Teleosts show remarkable specializations for hearing based on connections between the gas-filled swim bladder and the otic capsule. Cretaceous fossils of clupeomorphs (herrings) and otophysans

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Early Tetrapods: Experimenting with Form and Function,s seymouriamorphs and diadectomorphs. All these taxa have some kind of a notch or embayment at the back of the skull, which in early forms was probably part of a spiracular mechanism but, in later ones, might have housed a tympanic membrane that closed off an air-filled middle ear cavity. The small

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Non-Mammalian Synapsids: The Beginning of the Mammal Line,onts—is reviewed in this chapter. As with almost all recent authors, the interpretation offers support for the second view. Within the cynodont grades, decreasing mass of the postdentary bones relative to the dentary is part of a complex of changes in the feeding mechanism but also implies increasin

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Evolution of the Middle and Inner Ears of Mammaliaforms: The Approach to Mammals,e cochlear canal. Mammaliaforms and most Mesozoic mammals had ancestral features of a simple cochlear canal with a single cochlear nerve foramen but no interior bony laminae nor did they have a bony canal for the cochlear ganglion. The sieve-like foramina for cochlear nerve fibers to enter the cochl

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The Ear of Mammals: From Monotremes to Humans,minae for supporting the basilar membrane further broadened the bandwidth of audible frequencies in placental and marsupial mammals. Although often considered to be a major diagnostic feature of mammals, the definitive mammalian middle ear, which consists of a complete separation of middle ear eleme

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