Titlebook: Europe at the Polls; The European Electio Pascal Perrineau (Professor of Political Science, Book 2002 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Na

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The Communist and Extreme Left Galaxy homogenous bloc that western European Communist Parties formed for so long first cracked, then exploded. Since then, the Communist galaxy or that which emerged from Communism has itself been undergoing an accelerated process of differentiation. The strategies deployed by its different components ha

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The Disillusionment of European Socialistsion. In fact, given the stagnation of the previous phase, the PES contributed to reorganizing and heightening cooperation within European Socialism. The PES imposed itself and was gradually recognized as the unchallenged organizational center of coordination among Socialists at the European Union le

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