Titlebook: Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Phocids; Daniel P. Costa,Elizabeth A. McHuron Book 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 Aquatic Mam

无王时期,

Intentional

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95950-8t, time, and place. All this must be done while avoiding predators and competing for essential, finite resources, such as access to mates or breeding sites. Phocid seal species show great diversity in the behaviors that have evolved to overcome these challenges. Although all phocids forage in marine

安心地散步

Ostdeutschland versus Westdeutschlandpatial and temporal scales. Seals spend an extended period of time foraging far from the breeding colony, building up their energy reserves for a relatively brief pupping season onshore where access to food is limited. During lactation, enormous amounts of energy are quickly transferred from mother

怪物

胰岛素

Die Fabrikation der Waschmittel,g pinniped in the world. Harbor seals haul out on many types of coastal or ice environments where they engage principally in resting but also come ashore for pupping and nursing, temperature maintenance, predator avoidance, digestion, and molting. Males may defend underwater territories near haulout

斜谷

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95463-3havioral research over the past six decades has provided unparalleled insight into key elephant seal traits that drive survival and reproductive success. Specifically, the extensive study of northern and southern elephant seals using innovative methodologies and technologies has shown how behavior d

冲击力

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99017-4ping, instrument development that improved and validated the process, and address what dive types reveal about foraging strategies, foraging success, and foraging location. Dive types were initially classified by visual inspection and later with Principal Component Analysis and Clustering, or machin

变化无常

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-33315-0availability. Understanding the extent that environmental constraints impact the seals’ physiology and behavior has been supported by isolated hole diving experiments and technological advances in behavioral data loggers. A >50-year-long mark recapture program has revealed how organismal-level proce

过多

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-83806-3ce the eighteenth century, there is a large historical body of ecological knowledge that has provided insights into environmental factors that affect this species’ behavioral dynamics. Often referred to as the ice-loving seal from Greenland, harp seals breed and rest in spring on the drifting pack i

气候

Deutsche und türkische Stereotypents from which other marine mammals are excluded for much of the year. The broad distribution of ringed seals in the ice-covered seas of the northern hemisphere created a niche for an apex predator, and polar bears have evolved as specialists preying on ringed seals. The earliest occupation of the A