Titlebook: Environmental Health for All; Risk Assessment and David J. Briggs (Research Director),Richard Stern, Book 1999 Springer Science+Business M

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I. Pavan,E. Herrero Hernández,E. Piradirect (or confounding and effect modification) factors. In most cases, the focus of epidemiological interest is on the effects of the causal factors. Confounding and effect modification factors, however, may act either to magnify or damp down these effects. Confounding factors are independent of th

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Anthony A. Wickham,Mary Lowe Mayhughronment and health, and to express the various types of risk which might occur. Sadly, many of these terms are often only poorly understood by those who use them, or are used rather loosely. This inevitably raises dangers of misunderstanding. In the context of National Environmental Health Action Pl

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Social and Emotional Development I,e National Environmental Health Action Plans (NEHAPs) being developed in Europe. The Dubrovnik Initiative on Action for Environment and Health Protection in Europe (World Health Organisation 1996b) recognised that ‘There is a need to enhance mechanisms for public participation especially at an early